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Basic notions of the calculus by Newton, Berkely and their followers
Mixa, Lukáš ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
Seventeenth century is important not only for mathematics but for European social development in general. This thesis offers an overview about development of mathematics in the seventeenth century England. I present only those mathematical discoveries, which were relevantfor the work of Isaac Newton. In the first part I show the construction of logarithms by John Napier, Henry Briggs and Gregory Saint-Vincent. The second part is dedicated to methods of tangents and quadrature. I describe works of Pierre Fermat, John Wallis and Isaac Barrow. In the third part is shown how Isaac Newton used the mentioned findings for the development of the calculus. I use this example to demonstrate, that historical approach offers an illustrative connection between geometry, algebra and mathematical analysis and can be used in teaching. Keywords: Logarithm, tangent, quadrature, fluxion, fluent, calculus
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Basic notions of the calculus by Newton, Berkely and their followers
Mixa, Lukáš ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
Seventeenth century is important not only for mathematics but for European social development in general. This thesis offers an overview about development of mathematics in the seventeenth century England. I present only those mathematical discoveries, which were relevantfor the work of Isaac Newton. In the first part I show the construction of logarithms by John Napier, Henry Briggs and Gregory Saint-Vincent. The second part is dedicated to methods of tangents and quadrature. I describe works of Pierre Fermat, John Wallis and Isaac Barrow. In the third part is shown how Isaac Newton used the mentioned findings for the development of the calculus. I use this example to demonstrate, that historical approach offers an illustrative connection between geometry, algebra and mathematical analysis and can be used in teaching. Keywords: Logarithm, tangent, quadrature, fluxion, fluent, calculus
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