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Use of selected artificial intelligence methods for finding small watersheds most at risk of flash floods
Ježík, Pavel ; Fošumpaur, Pavel (referee) ; Hlavčová,, Kamila (referee) ; Starý, Miloš (advisor)
In our region, heavy rains may occur virtually everywhere. Nowadays there are instruments to predict these events in sufficient advance, but without precise localisation, which is a problem. Present instruments for searching endangered watersheds are focused on operative evaluation of meteorological situation and actual precipitation forecast processing (nowcasting). The thesis brings quite different approach. Potentially endangered areas are detected with evaluation of long-term statistical variables (N-year discharges and rain characteristics) and properties of specific watershed. The whole issue is handled out of situation of actual danger, this attitude is so called off-line solution. The thesis describes a model based on selected artificial intelligence methods. The model forms the core of final map application. The use of model and final application is supposed to be used in area of preventive flood protection, and related investment decision-making. The model focuses on heavy rains and flash floods.
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Use of selected artificial intelligence methods for finding small watersheds most at risk of flash floods
Ježík, Pavel ; Fošumpaur, Pavel (referee) ; Hlavčová,, Kamila (referee) ; Starý, Miloš (advisor)
In our region, heavy rains may occur virtually everywhere. Nowadays there are instruments to predict these events in sufficient advance, but without precise localisation, which is a problem. Present instruments for searching endangered watersheds are focused on operative evaluation of meteorological situation and actual precipitation forecast processing (nowcasting). The thesis brings quite different approach. Potentially endangered areas are detected with evaluation of long-term statistical variables (N-year discharges and rain characteristics) and properties of specific watershed. The whole issue is handled out of situation of actual danger, this attitude is so called off-line solution. The thesis describes a model based on selected artificial intelligence methods. The model forms the core of final map application. The use of model and final application is supposed to be used in area of preventive flood protection, and related investment decision-making. The model focuses on heavy rains and flash floods.
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The possibilities of flash floods prediction
Rapant, P. ; Kolejka, Jaromír ; Inspektor, T. ; Batelková, Kateřina ; Zapletalová, Jana ; Kirchner, Karel
Flash floods are very important natural phenomenon today, which is devoted considerable attention in the general public, the media, the public administration system in the professional community The main characteristic of flash floods from the perspective of crisis management is the short time between the cause (torrential precipitation) and the result (flooding of the territory and the emergence of major damages or even loss of life). Right the shortness of time implies that to save lives it is necessary to obtain a warning of impending danger in the shortest possible time after the cause. To do this, a new methodology that enables to identify streams, which may be the subject of intense water runoff and thus manifestations of flash floods was created (Rapant, et al., 2015).
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Flash floods in the Czech lands on examples from the 16th – 21st centuries
Munzar, Jan ; Ondráček, Stanislav
An often discussed and still topical question is whether the frequency of the occurrence of flash floods has been increasing in the last decennia or the impression results only from the increased interest (and improved technical possibilities) of media and wide public in these extreme hydro-meteorological phenomena. There are many floods of this type that can be documented from the past, which occurred before the hydro-meteorological measurements. Although they did not affect vast areas, they usually represented (similarly as today) crushing disasters for the hit territories. The contribution brings examples of such extremes from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 21st century, which went down in the flood history of the affected areas.
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New suspect in the investigation into the cause of flash floods
Bíl, M. ; Fürst, T. ; Vodák, R. ; Pražák, Josef ; Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav
The aim of this contribution is to introduce a new possibility of the description of unsaturated porous media flow. The approach presented here is entirely different from the traditional ways (e.g. the Richards‘ Equation). It will be explained why the traditional models often fail to describe various observed phenomena. The new approach provides certain interesting forecasts, among others a possible mechanism for flash-flood formation. The authors explain why they think that, under specific conditions, porous medium discharge may substantially exceed the infiltration due to rainfall.
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