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Vliv probiotických krmných aditiv na funkční stav bachoru
HADAČOVÁ, Veronika
In my study I was examining the influence of the probiotic Bifidobacterium sp. on the functional status of the cattle´s rumen. Two adult cows Aberdeen-angus were used in this experiment. They were treated with a permanent cannula, which served for daily dosing of probiotics Bifidobacterium sp.. Samples of rumen fluid were analyzed for the amount of volatile fatty acids, protozoans, pH and the quantity of ammonia. When we tested the effect of the probiotics on each variable, the fixed effect of the influence of an individual has not been proved. When we tested the data without the effect of the individual in a linear model, the variables best describing my data were the butyric and acetic acids. The amount of protozoans increased as there levels grew. There is a strong effect of the individual as only two individuals were used. My results indicate that the influence of the probiotics Bifidobacterium sp., on the functional status of the rumen is low. These results could be affected by the low number of experiment-replication as well as by small quantity of tested animals.
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Permanent Vascular Access in Dialysis Patients from the viewpoint of Nurses and Patients.
ŠVÁBOVÁ, Veronika
The issue of chronic renal failure and cannulation of permanent venous accesses in patients treated at haemodialysis centres is a topical and widespread problem of these days. According to generally accessible resources the incidence of terminal stage of renal failure, and thus the necessity to treat a patient by means of elimination methods, is very high, it reaches four individuals per thousand inhabitants according to the statistics. It is obviously a widespread nursing problem. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into a summary and description of the present situation in chronic renal failure, particularly a brief insight into the chronic renal failure and its causes and syndromes. It also deals with the topic of the present treatment possibilities with stress on patient treatment at nephrologic outpatient clinics and in haemodialysis centres. The next chapter of the thesis describes the development from haemodialysis history up to the present advanced elimination methods. The present elimination methods bring the necessity of functional provision of venous access, particularly cannulation of AV fistulas, it is a very frequent nursing operation provided by nurses treating chronically affected patients at haemodialysis centres. This chapter is concluded by general knowledge of the techniques of cannulation of permanent venous accesses, possible occurrence of complications during the cannula penetration itself in relation to the physical phase of nursing treatment about patients with chronic renal failure. The practical part of the thesis was aimed at discovering or possible confirmation of the hypotheses discussed in the theoretical part. The practical research was based on searching for problems among dialyzed patients related to the permanent venous access, on finding the approach of nurses working at dialysis centres to cannulation of permanent accesses and on mapping the access of patients with permanent venous access to nurses with short time experience at a dialysis centre. Research questions were determined for this purpose and were processed within qualitative research into case reports upon depth interviews with nurses working at the dialysis centres of České Budějovice Hospital, Český Krumlov Hospital and Písek Hospital and their patients. The research data were processed into charts, where responses from patients and those from nurses were assessed separately. Occurrence frequency of the individual answers was particularly monitored in the individual output tables, however the responses were not processed by means of standard statistic methods because of the chosen methodology and thus a low number of respondents, but the output data served for drawing conclusions and preparing recommendations for application of nursing methods. The thesis conclusion summarizes the obtained knowledge and recommends possible procedures of solving the problems of cannulation of permanent venous accesses in patients with chronic renal failure treated at haemodialysis centres.
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