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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps physicians with diagnosis patients who suffer from myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps patients with myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Regeneration initiation of Xenopus laevis tail-functional study
Netušil, Jiří ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee)
The recent introduction of high-throughput sequencing techniques rapidly changes our perception of vertebrate regeneration. One of the model organisms intensely studied for its regenerative potential is the embryonic tadpole stage of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). This thesis aims to review and functionally validate some of the latest findings gained by RNA sequencing of regenerating Xenopus laevis tail. We specifically focus on gene expression changes during the early phases of regeneration and how their absence affects the progression and phenotypic outcome of this process. Our analysis confirms that Regeneration initiating cells (RICs) identified by single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing represent a vital element in successful tail regeneration. The RIC marker genes mmp9 and pmepa1 affect the processes linked to extracellular matrix remodelling and the migration pattern of previously described Regeneration organizing cells (ROCs) while not interfering with the myeloid cell lineage. We further demonstrate a novel use of Vivo Morpholino oligonucleotides in a transient knockdown assay and offer an assessment of its benefits and limitations. This thesis highlights the importance of spatio-temporal regulation happening on both cellular and molecular levels during the initial 24 hours of...
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Morphological and functional changes in microvasculature and endomysium in human atrial myocardium with atrial fibrillation
Smorodinova, Natalia ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čížková, Dana (referee) ; Čížková, Kateřina (referee)
This doctorial thesis was focused on morphological and functional changes in microvasculature and endomysium in human atrial myocardium with atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in the clinical practice and it is associated with an increase in mortality risk that is strongly related with old age. Its pathogenesis is still not sufficiently explored. One of the generally recognized factors contributing to the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation is structural remodeling of the myocardium. Structural remodeling is reflected by changes that affect both atrial cardiomyocytes as well as endomysium. We analyzed atrial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing bypass or mitral valve surgery. The patients had a regular sinus rhythm or were suffering from AF. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize collagen I, collagen III, elastin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and VEGF in the atrial samples.To detect capillaries UEA-lectin was used. For detection of different types of immune cells the following markers were detected immunohistochemically: CD45 as a pan- leukocyte marker, CD3 for T-lymphocytes, CD68 for monocyte/macrophages, mast cell tryptase for mast cells and DC-SIGN for immature dendritic cells. Our results document that in patients...
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The role of new pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic molecules in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Tomčík, Michal ; Bečvář, Radim (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disease affecting the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of SSc is characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. To date, none of the tested drugs have demonstrated convincing efficacy in the treatment of SSc. S100A4 is involved in the regulation of cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It was originally described as a promoter of metastasis in tumors, however, its pro-inflammatory properties have recently been demonstrated in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of S100A4 in pathological activation of fibroblasts in SSc and in experimental models of dermal fibrosis. Results: The expression of S100A4 was increased in the skin of SSc patients, in SSc fibroblasts and in experimental fibrosis in a TGF-β / Smad dependent manner. Overexpression of S100A4 or stimulation with recombinant S100A4 induced an activated phenotype in resting normal fibroblasts. In contrast, inhibition of S100A4 or its complete deficit abrogated the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β and decreased the release of collagen. S100A4 knock-out mice (S100A4-/- ) were protected from bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis with reduced dermal thickening,...
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The effect of pressure overload on developing heart.
Zábrodská, Eva ; Olejníčková, Veronika (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Jaroslav (referee)
The early postnatal period plays important role in heart and cardiovascular system development. The substantial increase of hemodynamic load after birth results in rapid growth and differentiation of cardiac tissue. Therefore, neonatal myocardium is characterized by specific reaction to the pathological stimuli. In adult heart, the pressure overload results to cardiac hypertrophy development. However, for the short period after the birth, the cardiac tissue possesses higher proliferative activity which could be further increased as reaction to the pressure overload. The project aims to outline current knowledge about the effect of pressure overload on developing myocardium and focused to the specific changes of heart and cardiovascular system. Key words: Neonatal myocardium, Fibrosis, Heart remodeling, Hypertrophic myocardium, Gap junction
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps physicians with diagnosis patients who suffer from myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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Segmentation of cardiac tissue fibrosis in MRI data
Sokol, Norbert ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can be used to visualize pre-ablation fibrosis or post-ablation myocardial scar. This can significantly helps patients with myocardial fibrosis to determine region of fibrosis and for post-operative validation of intervention after radio-frequency catheter ablation. In this thesis, i introduce an algorithm for successful distinguish of fibrosis on datasets of patients with myocardial fibrosis, scanned at Faculty hospital at St. Anne’s University Hospital.
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