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Discrimination on the grounds of sex and its prohibition
Bartoňová, Anna ; Vysokajová, Margerita (advisor) ; Štangová, Věra (referee)
77 Summary The topic of this thesis is discrimination on the grounds of sex and its prohibition. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and evaluate historical and present level of legal enactment of the equality between men and women and prohibition of discrimination. I focused on the law of EU, relevant documents of International law and on the legal order of the Czech republic. The thesis is composed of five chapters, Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis like equality and types of discrimation. The chapter Two examines relevant international agreements and other documents, chapter Three focuses on legal enactment of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in the primary and secindary law of EU, together with the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. The chapter Four is dedicated to the relevant Czech legislation, followed by chapter Five which provides an outline of relevant Czech case law, and level of legal protection against discrimination in effect.
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Equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in employment law
Kuklíková, Veronika ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
Resumé " The equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in Labour law" This thesis deals with the principles of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination, which belong to the most substantial principles of European and international law as well as in todays Czech law. These principles are dealt with in many international treaties, in the legislation of the European Union and also in the so called Czech Antidiscrimination Act 2009. Special emphasis is placed particularly on equal treatment between men and women and on the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of gender. The thesis is composed of introduction and seven chapters, each of them deals with different aspects of prohibition of discrimination and equal treatment. Chapter One and Two is introduction into the Czech Labour law and basic principles of Labour law. Chapter Three defines basic terminology used in the thesis: discrimination (direct and indirect discrimination, positive and negative discrimination, harassment, sexual harassment, instruction to discriminate, etc.). Chapter Four tries to analyze international treaties which deal with the prohibition of discrimination and equal treatment. The Chapter is divided into three parts, which reflects three main international organizations: the United Nations, Organization, the...
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Discrimination on the grounds of sex and its prohibition
Bartoňová, Anna ; Vysokajová, Margerita (advisor) ; Štangová, Věra (referee)
77 Summary The topic of this thesis is discrimination on the grounds of sex and its prohibition. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and evaluate historical and present level of legal enactment of the equality between men and women and prohibition of discrimination. I focused on the law of EU, relevant documents of International law and on the legal order of the Czech republic. The thesis is composed of five chapters, Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis like equality and types of discrimation. The chapter Two examines relevant international agreements and other documents, chapter Three focuses on legal enactment of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination in the primary and secindary law of EU, together with the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. The chapter Four is dedicated to the relevant Czech legislation, followed by chapter Five which provides an outline of relevant Czech case law, and level of legal protection against discrimination in effect.
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Feminization of poverty in developing countries
MARKOVÁ, Veronika
The title of the bachelor thesis is Poverty Feminization in Developing Countries. It is focused on theory and is divided into three parts. The aim of the thesis was to provide complex information about the poverty feminization concerning women all over the world with a significant impact on women in developing countries. The first part of the bachelor thesis deals with the poverty issue and fight with poverty which is enabled by development assistance, direct investments, debt relief or good countries management via their governments. Furthermore, this part is devoted to concepts, causes, consequences, measurement and indexes of poverty. The second part of the bachelor thesis describes specific poverty contexts in developing countries. It excludes developing countries that are also described as third world countries, Global South countries, eventually fourth world countries or lower developed countries. The developing world in spite of urbanization development, during which more and more people migrate from villages to cities, copes with different problems of urban and rural poverty. The fundamental problem for people living in developing countries and especially for those who belong to the billion of the poorest ones is poverty traps that they often get into. These traps are meant to be armed conflicts, natural resources, lack of access to the sea and bad government of small countries. Developing countries must deal with the debt issues, when the main creditor becomes the International Monetary Fund that assembles a repayment schedule but its main concern is its interests. These countries are under an obligation to preferentially repay the provided loans to the International Monetary Fund. The third part of the bachelor thesis is directly focused on poverty feminization in developing countries. From the general point of view, the poverty feminization is a worldwide problem which concerns single women and single mothers. In the developing countries, women are distinctively restricted in education and because of gender stereotypes they cannot execute the same professions as men. This part also describes gender and inequality between men and women which can be shown in restricted access of women to incomes, resources, services or laws. In relation to the inequality, women are threatened by women's laws breaking such as the law to owe a land or property. Secondly, women may be threatened by violence, trafficking in women or movement restriction. The key area in the framework of the poverty feminization is insufficient possibilities of women's education.
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