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Nutritional support in patients with neurological disease
Laštovička, Petr ; Jambor, Daniel (advisor) ; Cempírek, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of nutritional support in patients with neurological diseases (stroke and Critical-Illness-Polyneuropathy). The aim of this thesis is to find out, how implemented unified system of nutritional support affects the well-being of patients at neuro-rehabilitation clinic Asklepios Schlossberg Klinik in Bad König. There were observed 55 patients (30 men and 25 women) for 8 weeks. The theoretical part of this thesis describes basic components of nutrition, energy expenditure and needs, selected neurological diseases, dysphagia, malnutrition. The emphasis is put on nutrition in intensive neurological care. The practical part of the thesis analyses data obtained by the observation. There are observed changes of body weight, BMI and laboratory values of total protein, albumin and glycaemia in serum. These data are divided by sex, age, type of disease and initial BMI values. The observed patients had mainly overweight and obesity, which have lost a part of their excess weight due to catabolism. At the beginning of the observation 13 patient had normal BMI value, this number of patients rose to 24 after eight weeks. At the end of the observation the reduction of BMI value was on the average 2.45 units. Based on the results, it was found that although patients due to...
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Specifics of feed nutrition to patients in acute and septic state
HOLOUBKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis describes specifics of nutrition for patients in acute and septic state. It is aimed at improvement of awareness and information of nurses that care about these patients, on the problems of malnutrition and possibilities of specific nutrition. The theoretical part describes malnutrition - imbalanced diet, as a risk factor that complicates the course of disease, extends the hospitalization time and increases mortality. There is also an outline of cooperation with nutrition specialists, diet recommendations and methods of feeding patients in acute disease stage. Enteral end parenteral feeding is analyzed here. The conclusion of the theoretical part deals with the organism inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, multiorganic dysfunction, like complications threatening a patient in acute state. There are also diet recommendations for patients in septic state. The practical part of this thesis contains results of quantitative research based on data collection by means of an anonymous questionnaire designed for nurses or healthcare rescuers of anaesthetic-resuscitation departments and intensive care units. A nursing care standard focused on assistance in introduction of central venous catheter and consequent patient care was elaborated as the output of the work upon study of the issues of nutrition for patients in acute and septic state, specific possibilities of its administration and evaluation of the research results. The bachelor thesis may also be used as study material for education of healthcare staff caring about patients in acute or septic state.
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