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The EU Emissions Trading System and its contribution to climate protection
Kaiserová, Veronika ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This thesis deals with the European Union Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS, abbreviated from EU Emissions Trading System, serves as a tool for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases in the air, operating on the polluter pays principle and economically motivating the actors concerned to act more environmentally friendly. It is one of the most important instruments for combating climate change and plays a key role in the European Union's efforts to achieve its climate policy and sustainability objectives. The first part of the thesis deals with the legal sources that regulate this issue. First, it briefly introduces the most important international conventions that laid the basis for further cooperation between states in environmental protection. The EU regulations are then elaborated in more detail, mainly in the form of directives and regulations, which constitute the legal basis of the EU ETS itself and further modify it. Finally, the thesis briefly discusses the legal acts in Czech Republic. The next part of the thesis deals with the EU ETS as such. First, the development of the system, which has undergone numerous changes in its almost twenty years of operation, is outlined in individual subchapters. The thesis then looks at the allocation of individual emission allowances, the areas of...
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Production of CO2 and emission trading system
Bravený, Adam ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Ferdan, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis is divided thematically into two parts. The first one describes the state of gaseous carbon dioxide production, being considered the main cause of greenhouse effect or global warming. By the summary of many sources it is revealed how CO2 is produced, what influences its concentration in air the most and the CO2 level trends. The second part is focused on European Union and Czech emissions trading system, which is actual and widely discussed topic in the last few years. The main rules, mechanisms of the market and a model case of allowances trading is presented. The existence of the whole system and its positive and negative effects on the economy and environment are discussed.
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Legal protection of the climate system of Earth in the "post-Kyoto" period
Němeček, Michal ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the phenomenon of global climate change from the perspective of climate change law. The thesis defines the phenomenon in legal terms and deals with problems it brings to the environment and the world population. Its major part is dedicated to the international law of climate change, including all past Conferences of the Parties (COP) and their outcomes together with the most important treaties - United Nations Framework Convention in terms of Kyoto Protocol and the unsuccessful Doha Amendment. The Paris Agreement, which is the most recent international treaty, already ratified by 160 countries, could be a game changer in terms of effectivity in both climate change mitigation and adaptation legislation as well as much needed international solution. This thesis also focuses on the EU law of climate change, especially on the progress and future of Emissions Trading System and other legislation. Not only is the EU now more focused on the adaptation legislation, this is an important topic also for the Czech Republic. Especially when many Czech laws stem from EU regulations, there is still a great potential in the adaptation legislation and major progress is expected in the near future. Key words Climate change, Paris Agreement, emissions allowances, COP
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The development of prices of CO2 allowances in relation to the world conferences about climate change
JIREK, Pavel
The main aim of this thesis is to show how emission allowances for carbon dioxide work in the emission control system of the European Union. The first and second chapters explain global warming, give a summary of views on how to solve environmental pollution using economic instruments and inform about the first summit climate changes in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. The third and fourth chapters discuss the origin and development of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and other climate summits that were held between 2007 - 2015. The analytical part of my thesis deals with the third trading period of the EU ETS, the factors affecting the price of allowance and the measures resulting from global climate conferences. In this part I verify whether it is possible for climate conferences to be considered trend that moves the entire demand curve. This premise was tested with the aid of hypothesis: "In the period of the climate conference increases price of allowance." This hypothesis was examined on the basis of the condition ceteris paribus and the result of this thesis is the fact that conferences don't influence price of allowance. The results indicate that the price of allowance is probably influenced by other factors that were not the subject of my analysis.
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Analysis of the development of trading with emission alowances in Europe
Hetešová, Zuzana ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the analysis of development of trading with emission alowances, especially evaluation of the system efficiency (as for the amount of released carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) and verification of the share growth of renewable resources in total electricity production in Europe. Also examined is the correlation between the oil price and and the emission alowance price, and also potential impact of the system EU ETS on companies producing emmisions. At the end of thesis are proposed some changes for more efficient operation of system.
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Coal-fired power plants: cheap electricity vs. clean environment
Krydl, Ondřej ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Kozák, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the importance of coal-fired power plants on the market of electric energy, with emphasis on aspects that fundamentally affect their production. Coal-fired power plants belongs nowadays among socially unpopular source of electricity. In recent decades intensively growing interest groups that support state intervention and regulation of the energy sector. This is essentially a massive promotion of renewable energy sources at the expense of fossil fuel plants. Analysis of individual power sources shows that despite the current restrictive measures imposed on power plants burning fossil fuels, and especially coal-fired power plants, electricity produced from coal resources is still competitive, despite some drawbacks has many positive qualities. Coal-fired power plants produce higher amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants than other types of power plants. On the other hand, they are able to provide a stable supply of electricity to transmission network, and thus partially offset the high volatility of electricity supply from renewable energy sources. The price of electricity from coal-fired power plants could be considered as relatively low in comparison with other energy sources. The analysis shows that in terms of practical economic policy is not economically justified to reduce the proportion of coal-fired power plants in the total production of electricity.
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Production of CO2 and emission trading system
Bravený, Adam ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Ferdan, Tomáš (advisor)
The thesis is divided thematically into two parts. The first one describes the state of gaseous carbon dioxide production, being considered the main cause of greenhouse effect or global warming. By the summary of many sources it is revealed how CO2 is produced, what influences its concentration in air the most and the CO2 level trends. The second part is focused on European Union and Czech emissions trading system, which is actual and widely discussed topic in the last few years. The main rules, mechanisms of the market and a model case of allowances trading is presented. The existence of the whole system and its positive and negative effects on the economy and environment are discussed.
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Determinanty cen povolenek v EU ETS
Blinková, Zuzana
Blinková, Z., Price determinants in the EU emissions trading scheme. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2014. The thesis deals with the causal relationship between the prices of the emission allowances (EUA) and selected energy prices. The first part is focused on the presentation of the EU ETS. The empirical part uses econometric methods to investigate mutual causality. Two unidirectional causal relationships were found, from natural gas price to EUA price and from electricity to EUA price.
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Tax aspects of the emission allowances trading
Knupp, Aleš ; Pavel, Jan (advisor) ; Pavel, Jan (referee)
This study deals with questions regarding Carbon Dioxide allowances market. By giving an explanation of the most important terms and core coherences of the EU ETS system, it endeavours to provide thematic organized preview of the allowances as a whole. The work stands on several pillars which are essential for existence of the allowances market. I mainly talk about national legislation giving basic law framework, then National allocation plan and, on the international level, I refer to the Kyoto protocol and global connection of previously separated market systems on a worldwide scale. The work's goal is to expand on the theme of emission trading and draw out possible impacts on the individual emitents and the whole economy. The first chapter deals with allowances as a matter of czech legislation and financial accounting. In the following text I discuss a trading emission scheme and give readers a vivid example for practical illustration. The Last part is devoted to the future of trading and, in particular, to the implementation of the auction system which allows the producers to buy the allowances themselves.
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The comparison of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme and the Acid Rain Program in USA
Zelená, Vladimíra ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Škop, Vladislav (referee)
The thesis focuses on comparison of emission trading of the European Union (European Union Emission Trading Scheme) which trades with carbon dioxide allowances and emission trading of the United States of America (Acid Rain Program) which trade with sulphur dioxide allowances. Despite of using same mechanisms and principles, these systems brought diverse results -- mostly because of different implementation of key parameters. The thesis which concerns with both of these systems is trying to find the major reasons of unsuccessful implementation of the European Union trading and the most important reasons leading to successful performance of the U.S. program.
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