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Spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol in urban and rural environment
Bendl, Jan
Air quality in Europe remains a significant environmental concern, affecting the health and quality of life of its population. While stationary network ambient air quality monitoring allows for the observation of main trends, it is not fully representative of personal exposure of citizens due to high spatio-temporal variability of atmospheric aerosol. Therefore, highly time-and- space resolved measurements with state-of-the-art instruments and methods are needed to observe the aerosol variability, dynamics, identify hot-spots, and pollution sources, which are necessary for successful targeted mitigation measures. This thesis addresses this gap focusing on the characterization of spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol in inhabited environments. Novel mobile measurement systems were developed and employed to investigate diverse environments, including rural, urban and suburban area. Aerosol source-apportionment were conducted, and the toxicological effects associated with these environments were also investigated. A novel mobile measurement system was developed for personal exposure measurements and pollution mapping in urban and rural environments. The system was used to measure air quality in the Munich subway, revealing high aerosol dynamics with significantly higher concentrations of...
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Spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol in urban and rural environment
Bendl, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Mikuška, Pavel (referee) ; Vojtíšek, Michal (referee)
Air quality in Europe remains a significant environmental concern, affecting the health and quality of life of its population. While stationary network ambient air quality monitoring allows for the observation of main trends, it is not fully representative of personal exposure of citizens due to high spatio-temporal variability of atmospheric aerosol. Therefore, highly time-and- space resolved measurements with state-of-the-art instruments and methods are needed to observe the aerosol variability, dynamics, identify hot-spots, and pollution sources, which are necessary for successful targeted mitigation measures. This thesis addresses this gap focusing on the characterization of spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric aerosol in inhabited environments. Novel mobile measurement systems were developed and employed to investigate diverse environments, including rural, urban and suburban area. Aerosol source-apportionment were conducted, and the toxicological effects associated with these environments were also investigated. A novel mobile measurement system was developed for personal exposure measurements and pollution mapping in urban and rural environments. The system was used to measure air quality in the Munich subway, revealing high aerosol dynamics with significantly higher concentrations of...
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Chemical composition of photovoltaic panels
Koudelová, Marta ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of photovoltaic cells and panels. The literature search was formed from selected available literature with the purpose to characterize different types of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and thin-films photovoltaic cells and describe the application of photovoltaic cells in the world and in the Czech Republic. In the next part of this thesis is a summary of current knowledge about recycling of photovoltaic cells and other utilization of layers and their possible impact on the environment. The practical part of the thesis deals with selected samples of PV panels. A few samples of photovoltaic panels were taken for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses are performed of the five samples of the photovoltaic panels. The results of chemical analyses were compared with acquired data from the literature. The results of the multielementary analysis of selected samples was that the photovoltaic panels contain a risk elements (e. g. As, Cd, Sb, Mo). The PV panels also contain economics utilizable elements (Ag). Content of silicon is up to 78,18 % SiO2. Key words Photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic cell, chemical analysis, risk elements, recycling
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Separation and Elemental Composition of Tardigrades and Rotifers from Cryoconite in Svalbard
Jaroměřská, Tereza ; Žárský, Jakub (advisor) ; Šabacká, Marie (referee)
For years considered pristine, glacial ecosystems are attracting more attention of biologists from various branches in last decades. Moreover, they are currently considered to be ecosystems forming the coldest biome on the Earth. The life on glaciers ranges from viruses and bacteria to highest consumers such as few groups of microinvertebrates. The most common are tardigrades (phylum Tardigrada) and rotifers (phylum Rotifera) which inhabit cryoconite holes on the glacial surface. Several studies highlight the importance of the role of these consumers. However, due to the dominance of prokaryotes on the glacial surface, these microinvertebrates are usually out of the major scope of most studies aiming at biological processes. The present study shows pioneering results on the isotopic composition of tardigrades and rotifers, which are the top consumers in cryoconite ecosystems, and is a foundation for the exploration of trophic pathways and interactions within cryoconite holes using elemental and stable isotopic analyses. It also presents information about the species composition of tardigrades and rotifers on different glaciers and in different parts of the ablation zone. We identified 5 species of tardigrades (Hypsibius sp., Hypsibius cf. dujardini, Pilatobius sp., Isohypsibius sp. and Cryoconicus...
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Separation and Elemental Composition of Tardigrades and Rotifers from Cryoconite in Svalbard
Jaroměřská, Tereza ; Žárský, Jakub (advisor) ; Šabacká, Marie (referee)
For years considered pristine, glacial ecosystems are attracting more attention of biologists from various branches in last decades. Moreover, they are currently considered to be ecosystems forming the coldest biome on the Earth. The life on glaciers ranges from viruses and bacteria to highest consumers such as few groups of microinvertebrates. The most common are tardigrades (phylum Tardigrada) and rotifers (phylum Rotifera) which inhabit cryoconite holes on the glacial surface. Several studies highlight the importance of the role of these consumers. However, due to the dominance of prokaryotes on the glacial surface, these microinvertebrates are usually out of the major scope of most studies aiming at biological processes. The present study shows pioneering results on the isotopic composition of tardigrades and rotifers, which are the top consumers in cryoconite ecosystems, and is a foundation for the exploration of trophic pathways and interactions within cryoconite holes using elemental and stable isotopic analyses. It also presents information about the species composition of tardigrades and rotifers on different glaciers and in different parts of the ablation zone. We identified 5 species of tardigrades (Hypsibius sp., Hypsibius cf. dujardini, Pilatobius sp., Isohypsibius sp. and Cryoconicus...
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Chemical composition of photovoltaic panels
Koudelová, Marta ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of photovoltaic cells and panels. The literature search was formed from selected available literature with the purpose to characterize different types of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and thin-films photovoltaic cells and describe the application of photovoltaic cells in the world and in the Czech Republic. In the next part of this thesis is a summary of current knowledge about recycling of photovoltaic cells and other utilization of layers and their possible impact on the environment. The practical part of the thesis deals with selected samples of PV panels. A few samples of photovoltaic panels were taken for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses are performed of the five samples of the photovoltaic panels. The results of chemical analyses were compared with acquired data from the literature. The results of the multielementary analysis of selected samples was that the photovoltaic panels contain a risk elements (e. g. As, Cd, Sb, Mo). The PV panels also contain economics utilizable elements (Ag). Content of silicon is up to 78,18 % SiO2. Key words Photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic cell, chemical analysis, risk elements, recycling
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Chemical Composition of PM2.5 at Rural Backround Site Košetice
Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Havránek, Vladimír
PM2.5 generally represents fine fraction of atmospheric aerosol. Fine particles may remain in the atmosphere for days or even weeks and therefore they may be transported over long distances. Moreover, they may increase the background levels of atmospheric aerosol mass far from their origin. They have important adverse health effects and in the same time, they influence climate due to their direct and indirect effects on Earth radiative balance. To know the origin of PM2.5 aerosol, its chemical composition can serve as the diary of contacts with aerosol sources and transformations. Therefore it is necessary to study PM2.5 chemical composition if the fine aerosol sources should be revealed. A rural background site study can serve as a basis enabling to determine the real influence of larger sources like cities or an industry.
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ADAPTATION OF FUEL ANALYTICS ON BIOMASS USED FOR ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
MAROUŠEK, Josef
For 2010 the European Union has a goal to increase the share of renewable energyware to 12%. For 2020 the goal is 20%. One of visions to reach this is to raise the share of solid biofuels. Politicans all over ideologycal spectrum collectively propagate, that farming and waste management sector industry has developed ways to produce solid recovered fuels with reliable qualities, which are used successfully regarding economic and environmental aspects. One of prerequisites to reach this will be to achieve the standardization of solid biofuels. This leads to a need for flexible market, which is attainable only by common understanding concerning terminology, sampling and test methods. European energetically non-intensive industries and settlements are looking for ecologically friendly alternative fuels in order to save fossil fuels. And by doing so, enforce the development of fitting technical norms to facilitate the meeting of offer and demand for the product. Pressed biofuels like pellets are today playing the key role for the small house market as well as for large scale coal substitution in local power plants. The thesis is a part of scientific contemplation MSM 06/2/4a solved by professors S.Kužel and L.Kolář and is trying to answer the question: ``Is combustion of solid biofuels ecologically friendly?{\crqq}
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