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Chemical composition of berries juices from some cultivars of European elder
Šafránková, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with chemical composition of the juice from selected species of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The theoretical part is dedicated to botanical characteristic of elderberry including the origin and the extension. There are also mentioned the medical effects of elderberry with the description of the cultivation of this herb with the examples of particular cultivated species. In the experimental section were laid down the particular chemical parameters (yield, pH, relative density, titrable acidity, formol number, content of instant dry mass and reducing sugar) in the juice from the fruits of these cultivated species of elderberry: Albida, Allesö, Aurea, Bohatka, Dana, Heidegg 13, Haschberg, Körsör, Mammut, Pregarten, Riese aus Voßloch, Sambo, Sambu, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl a Weihenstephan. The median of the yield has been 700,0 ml/kg, the median for the pH assessment has been 4,03. The median of relative density of all species was 1,0361, the median of titrable acidity was 141,83 mmol l -1. The median of the overall content of amino acids was 30,5 ml 0,1 mol l-1 NaOH/100ml, the median of the content of the dry mass was 9,5 weight %. The median of the assessment of the reducing sugar was 5,02%.
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Study of natural compounds of elderberry flowers
Pončíková, Alžbeta ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the concentration of bioactive substances such as polyphenols and flavonoids and also the total antioxidant capacity in extracts from flowers of elder. The second part was the subject of an experiment to determine the antimicrobial activity. The theoretical part deals with the description of individual bioactive substances, the description of the elder and the bacteria used. In the experimental part, aqueous extracts were prepared, in which total polyphenols, flavonoids and oxidizing activity were determined. The results of the determination of polyphenols and flavonoids show that in order to achieve a higher content of flavonoids and polyphenols, it is more appropriate to use the highest possible initial temperature for leaching the base flower. No significant differences were found when comparing the antioxidant activity of solutions from the average values. The extracts did not show significant antimicrobial activity.
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Characterization of elder juice on the basis of some chemical parameters
Šafránková, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This study is about characteristic of eldberry juice based on selected chemical properties. In the theoretical part, it is described botanical characteristic, including place of origin and spread. This part is also about the healing effects of elderberry and cultivating and improving of this plant is also mentioned there, together with some varieties of elderberries. In the experimental part, there were made some determinations the same for wild variety of elderberry and for cultivated elderberry. There were not found significant differences in relative density between both samples. According to pH, the more acidic is the cultivated variety of juice and this juice also contains higher content of organic and mineral acids, reducing sugars and citric acid. On the other hand the wild variety juice contains higher total content of amino acids and mineral solids.
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Study of natural compounds of elderberry flowers
Pončíková, Alžbeta ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Veselá, Mária (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to determine the concentration of bioactive substances such as polyphenols and flavonoids and also the total antioxidant capacity in extracts from flowers of elder. The second part was the subject of an experiment to determine the antimicrobial activity. The theoretical part deals with the description of individual bioactive substances, the description of the elder and the bacteria used. In the experimental part, aqueous extracts were prepared, in which total polyphenols, flavonoids and oxidizing activity were determined. The results of the determination of polyphenols and flavonoids show that in order to achieve a higher content of flavonoids and polyphenols, it is more appropriate to use the highest possible initial temperature for leaching the base flower. No significant differences were found when comparing the antioxidant activity of solutions from the average values. The extracts did not show significant antimicrobial activity.
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Interchangeable natural age for illnesses associated with hospitalization in the ward of subsequent care.
HEJNOVÁ, Pavlína
Bachelor work with title "The alteration from old age to illness in connection with hospitalization at the Deparment of subsequently care" is theoretical work, it is based on problems with the naturalness of old age often confused with illness and especially in medical facility. It is trying to explain and describe as much as information as possible about problems that consumes the quality of elders life predominantly on department of subsequently care. It describes the most common risks of pharmacotherapy in old age along with palliative medicine on geriatric weak patients in current time, specifics of nursing care and tasks of a nurse. The purpose of this work is to try and point out problems in current medical system, where we often confuse natural old age with illness and to show how big risks it brings to the aging population. The self-fulfillment and the value quality of elders life is vanishing. Current reality requires unconditional changes in access of all professional society and it is subconsciousness as a major phenomenon of human life. The effort of this work is to define and name all the risky factors, which is influencing the formation of this issue, confusing old age with sickness. In the most common causes, of deterioration health and hospitalization with geriatric patients, belongs medication that brings undesirable effects and incorrent prescription. So another case of this work is to point out on the meaing of correct diagnosis and following pharmacotherapy on elders, providing global medical care, which is important part in care for geriatric patient. Bachelor work will be used for workshop on Department of subsequently care.
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Chemical composition of berries juices from some cultivars of European elder
Šafránková, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with chemical composition of the juice from selected species of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The theoretical part is dedicated to botanical characteristic of elderberry including the origin and the extension. There are also mentioned the medical effects of elderberry with the description of the cultivation of this herb with the examples of particular cultivated species. In the experimental section were laid down the particular chemical parameters (yield, pH, relative density, titrable acidity, formol number, content of instant dry mass and reducing sugar) in the juice from the fruits of these cultivated species of elderberry: Albida, Allesö, Aurea, Bohatka, Dana, Heidegg 13, Haschberg, Körsör, Mammut, Pregarten, Riese aus Voßloch, Sambo, Sambu, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl a Weihenstephan. The median of the yield has been 700,0 ml/kg, the median for the pH assessment has been 4,03. The median of relative density of all species was 1,0361, the median of titrable acidity was 141,83 mmol l -1. The median of the overall content of amino acids was 30,5 ml 0,1 mol l-1 NaOH/100ml, the median of the content of the dry mass was 9,5 weight %. The median of the assessment of the reducing sugar was 5,02%.
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Characterization of elder juice on the basis of some chemical parameters
Šafránková, Petra ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This study is about characteristic of eldberry juice based on selected chemical properties. In the theoretical part, it is described botanical characteristic, including place of origin and spread. This part is also about the healing effects of elderberry and cultivating and improving of this plant is also mentioned there, together with some varieties of elderberries. In the experimental part, there were made some determinations the same for wild variety of elderberry and for cultivated elderberry. There were not found significant differences in relative density between both samples. According to pH, the more acidic is the cultivated variety of juice and this juice also contains higher content of organic and mineral acids, reducing sugars and citric acid. On the other hand the wild variety juice contains higher total content of amino acids and mineral solids.
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The stability of biologically active compounds in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) inflorescence during processing
SUCHÁ, Renata
This thesis examines the stability of rutin in the inflorescences of the elder during processing. Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) is a medicinal plant that was used for medical purposes as early as in the Middle Ages. Both flowers (Flos Sambuci) and fruit (Fructus Sambuci) of the elder are on the list of official medicinal products of the State Institute for Drug Control. The main active phenolic substance is flavonoid rutin. Flavonoids are phenolic substances of plant origin. Among the best known properties of these substances is their antioxidant activity. They protect the low density blood lipoproteins from the oxidation modifications that cause the development of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. As a medical plant, the elder is used especially for the preparation of a medicinal drink. It is also commonly used as a material for the preparation of syrup. This product serves as a basis for a refreshing and tasty drink and lately is has also started to be sold in shops. For comparison, five single-flower syrups from the elderflower by different producers were bought. A method of preparation of the elderflower syrup was devised, based in one case on frozen elder inflorescences and in the other on dried inflorescences. The plant material came from wildly growing shrubs and it was collected in June 2013. Altogether, 8 syrups were prepared in the laboratory, 4 of them from fresh material and 4 from dried material. Two different methods were used. The first one was based on extraction using sugar solution, the second one on extraction using water solution where sugar was added afterwards. Another added substance was ethanol. The method for measuring the amount of rutin in the samples was a combination of two extraction steps. The first step was the usual exraction using aqueous methanol and the second step was extraction using a solid sorbent (SPE). The analysis of fresh and dried material concluded that dried elderflowers contain many times more rutin than fresh elder. Among the commercially produced syrups, the "Kitl Syrob Bezový" contained most rutin; a little less rutin was found in "Hamé Bylinný sirup Bezový květ". The concentration of rutin in the syrups prepared in the laboratory was much higher than in the commercial products. By using different methods of syrup preparation and their subsequent analysis, it was found that the syrups prepared from the dried inflorescences contained a higher amount of rutin than the syrups produced in the same way, but from frozen material. Addition of a small amount of ethanol had no effect on extraction of rutin from inflorescences. Free quercetin, which indicate a decomposition of rutin, wasn´t found in any of produced syrups. The produced syrups were used for the preparation of a drink and then underwent sensory analysis. The paired two-sided preference test included pairs of drinks consisting of a fresh elder drink and dried elder drink. The results showed that the evaluators preferred syrups from dried elderflowers in two of the cases, while in the other two evaluated pairs, the results were not statistically significant. In all cases, the evaluators most often found small and middle differences. The gained results show that the best method of syrup preparation uses dried plant material and sucrose solution as the extraction agent. The syrup prepared in this way contained most rutin and at the same time showed the smallest losses of this substance, which is beneficial to human health. Furthermore, it also tasted better in comparison with syrup prepared in the same way, but from fresh material.
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The Sokolov Baptist Church Development after 1989
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Václava
The work deals with the analysis of the development of Baptist church in Sokolov after 1989, which suffered a split in 2001. The theoretical part concerns basic ecclesiological backgrounds, principles of building a healthy church and briefly touches on the history and theological emphases of the Baptist Union in the Czech Republic. The practical part presents a description and analysis of specific church life events based on interviews with former and current members. Comparison of the results from the practical analysis with the theoretical part attempts to identify the causes within this community, which caused the split.
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