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Cancellation of Supergross Salary and Its Impact on Effective Tax Burden of Tax-payers
Němčanská, Veronika ; Svirák, Pavel (referee) ; Brychta, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with analysis of the effects of cancellation of super-gross wages on the tax burden of personal income of the taxpayers. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic concepts related to personal income taxes, including a description of the super-gross wage, and then clarifies the method of calculating wages in accordance to applicable legislation of the Czech Republic as of 31 December 2020. In the practical part of the thesis, the proposed changes in the way of personal income taxes calculations are summarised and compared. Then, the thesis deals with the impact of the cancellation of super-gross wages in relation to employees, where model examples are used to compare tax burden of taxpayers in 2021 against 2020. At the end of the thesis, there is evaluated impact rate of the cancellation of the super-gross wage on a particular taxpayer. There was drawn up a tax return with identical incomes for years 2020 and 2021.
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Globální minimální efektivní korporátní daň
Hustáková, Klára
The objective of the bachelor thesis "Global Minimum Effective Corporate Tax" is to determine the impact of the introduction of a minimum effective corporate tax for selected groups of multinational enterprises based in the EU, in particular in relation to the impact on selected tax-related indicators. The bachelor thesis fo-cuses on the current and evolving issue of global taxation of multinational enter-prises. The theoretical part defines the concepts related to international taxation and multinational enterprises. Furthermore, the thesis examines in detail the OECD proposal and its two pillars. The practical part utilizes the findings from the previous sections to calculate the top-up tax for a group of companies based in the EU. The thesis argues that the current system of corporate taxation is outdated, and that the BEPS project represents a significant change in international taxation. The aim of the BEPS project is to increase transparency, reduce tax competition and promote fair taxation of multinational enterprises.
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Global corporate tax reforms and how they might reduce profit shifting of multinational corporations
Pravda, Matúš ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
Global corporate tax reforms and how they might reduce profit shifting of multinational corporations Matúš Pravda 3rd January 2023 This study examines whether global corporate tax reforms might increase tax revenue which was reduced by the profit shifting of multinational corpora- tions. These reforms have been built on the minimum corporate tax rate and redistribution of undertaxed profits. Tax revenue gains of jurisdictions under all three tested global models show significant improvement in contrast to the status quo. Pillar II proposal would bring USD 198 billion in extra revenue, METR proposal USD 305 billion and the Tax deficit model USD 214 billion in 2017. However, significant differences are observed between geographical re- gions and income groups. North America and the EU are the largest recipients of extra tax revenue whereas Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean Islands are the smallest. Income group results show the same composition with high- income countries contributing by around three-quarters to the extra revenue gains. BEFIT Scenario 2 would result in USD 33 billion in extra tax revenue for the EU Member States, which is double the amount of Scenario 1. 1
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Solidarity tax increase and super-gross wage from the point of view of effective tax rate
ŠKARYDOVÁ, Lucie
The diploma thesis focuses on the personal income tax, specifically on the component of solidarity tax increase and the concept of super-gross wage. These two tax institutes have been in the past years a frequently discussed topics, up to 2021 when finally they were cancelled and at the same time, there was a return back towards progressive taxation of natural persons. The objective of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the institute of solidarity tax increase and super-gross wage in chosen taxpayers, using an effective tax rate, based on model situations relating to the given issue in 2020 - 2022. The theoretical part, except other things, introduces basic information and construction elements of personal income tax. The practical part of the diploma thesis focuses on the personal income tax calculation per tax periods of 2020, 2021 and 2022. For the calculation of tax, three taxpayers (an employee, a business owner, a property lessor) are chosen in whom two situations (low and high income) are being evaluated. In chosen payers, an annual tax amount after discount is calculated per each situation. Subsequently, the individual situations are evaluated based on an effective tax rate. In the thesis conclusion, the evaluation of super-gross wage institute is introduced as well as the evaluation of the solidarity tax increase.
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Tax avoidance by multinational corporations: An empirical analysis based on firm-level data
Godar, Sarah ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Barrios, Salvador (referee) ; Lejour, Arjan (referee) ; Weichenrieder, Alfons (referee)
Tax avoidance by multinational corporations An empirical analysis based on firm-level data Author: Sarah Godar Abstract In this thesis, I use confidential firm-level data from the Microdatabase Direct Investment (MiDi database) provided by the Deutsche Bundesbank to analyze tax avoidance by German MNCs. While such data has frequently been used in tax-avoidance research, it has yet to be employed to derive macro-level estimates of tax avoidance by Germany-based MNCs. My MiDi-based research includes an estimation of the scale of profit shifting by German affiliates of foreign MNCs and related tax-revenue losses (Chapter 1), as well as an investigation of the tax-haven use and distribution of profits and economic activity of MNCs headquartered in Germany (Chapter 2). Finally, in collaboration with several co-authors, I investigate relatively new micro data on the global tax payments and activities of multinational corporations, voluntarily published by individual MNCs following the implementation of the new CbCR standard (Chapter 3). I employ different methodological approaches depending on the quality of the data and the research focus of each chapter. In the first chapter, I employ a standard microeconometric approach to identify profit- shifting and estimate the semi-elasticities of MNCs' profits with...
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Cancellation of Supergross Salary and Its Impact on Effective Tax Burden of Tax-payers
Němčanská, Veronika ; Svirák, Pavel (referee) ; Brychta, Karel (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with analysis of the effects of cancellation of super-gross wages on the tax burden of personal income of the taxpayers. The theoretical part of the thesis defines basic concepts related to personal income taxes, including a description of the super-gross wage, and then clarifies the method of calculating wages in accordance to applicable legislation of the Czech Republic as of 31 December 2020. In the practical part of the thesis, the proposed changes in the way of personal income taxes calculations are summarised and compared. Then, the thesis deals with the impact of the cancellation of super-gross wages in relation to employees, where model examples are used to compare tax burden of taxpayers in 2021 against 2020. At the end of the thesis, there is evaluated impact rate of the cancellation of the super-gross wage on a particular taxpayer. There was drawn up a tax return with identical incomes for years 2020 and 2021.
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Taxation of income from the employment of a tax resident of the Czech Republic
GAJANOVÁ, Daniela
The aim of this master thesis is to compare the tax burden of income from employment in the Czech Republic and Austria and to calculate the amount of tax paid by a tax resident of the Czech Republic on foreign income. In the theoretical part, there are mentioned basic informations about the tax system of the Czech Republic and Austria. First of all the issue is a way to determine the tax base, what tax rates are in each country and wheater the tax can be reduced by some amounts. In the practical, the knowledge is applied to the calculation of payroll tax in the Czech Repub-ic and Austria. It compares the differences in the calculation and the amount of tax in both countries and evaluates the tax burden on the gross income of a resident of the Czech Repub-lic working abroad. It also describes the method of taxation of foreign income in the Czech Republic. It was found that the income tax burden in Austria is higher than in the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic, the effective rate even reaches negative values - the tax bonus is paid out. Considering the high tax rates in Austria, this situation will never occur.
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Effective Tax Rates and Profit Shifting Around the World
Kraváček, Jan ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the scope of profit shifting by U.S. multinational corporations using effective tax rates as a metric. Alternatively, unlike other academic literature on the subject, this work complements the analysis by utilizing also statutory coporate tax rate. The main contribution of the thesis is an econometric analysis of the most recent data provided by Bur- eau of Economic Analysis. It is shown that the scope of profit shifting is rising with gross income sensitivity to effective tax rates clearly increasing in the time span from 1983 till 2015. According to the panel data from this time span, one percentage point increase in effective tax rate would decrease the reported gross income in a low tax jurisdiction by 2.4 percent. Interestingly, an analogous analysis using statutory tax rates does not yield any statistically significant effect. Moreover, results show that the richer the country is, the lower its effective tax rate and the higher its statutory rate. These results indicate that the two metrics can have different implications. Furthermore, if some version of profit apportionment formula was applied on the profit of U.S. multinationals, a significant profit redistribution would take place. Gross income would oftentimes be attributed to developing coun- tries with a large share of...
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Taxation of labour in Bulgaria
Conevová, Ema ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Beneš, Jonáš (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis and comparison of labour taxation in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria. After the introduction, in which the goal and methods of solving are defined, there are two chapters that describe theoretically tax systems in both compared countries with focus on personal income tax and social security systems. The following chapter is devoted to indicators of effective taxation of labour, which are used for international comparisons. Another chapter will describe the comparison of the effective taxation of labour based on the achieved results. There is also an interval and global progressiveness that are used to measure the progressivity of the personal income tax in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria. In conclusion, there is a summary of the findings and aims of this thesis.
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