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Measure of atomic nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen post-discharge
Josiek, Stanislav ; doc.Mgr.Pavel Slavíček, Ph.D. (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
Clean post-discharge nitrogen plasma and nitrogen plasma with different traces have been focus of scientists for more than 50 years and there were published many articles on theme active discharge, post-discharge, processes and reactions. It is possible to create kinetic models from all these information and then calculate concentrations of elements in atomic form. This diploma thesis is focused on measuring of concentration of atomic nitrogen for different conditions (decay time, pressure, admixture). The titration method by nitric oxide in post-discharge was used to determinate of concentration of atomic nitrogen. All experimental results were obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy. Optical emission spectra were taken in the range of 300-600 nm. DC discharge was created in a quartz tube in a flowing regime. The flowing regime was chosen for this experiment because of better time resolution of decay time, order in milliseconds. Decay time was in the range of 16 – 82 ms for individual experiments. Nitrogen flow was 400 mln/min. Nitrogen oxide flow was in the range of 0-10 mln/min and it was added at the selected post-discharge time. Trace of methane was 0,006 % of the whole volume. Total gas pressure was set on values from 500 to 4000 Pa. The output of discharge was set on constant value of current 150 mA and the output has changed according to the amount of pressure. Nitrogen first positive, second positive and first negative spectral systems, NO spectral system and NO2* spectral system were recognized in all measured spectra. Absolute concentration of atomic nitrogen was specified by the method of titration of NO. Traces of methane increase dissociation of molecular nitrogen and therefore increase the concentration of atomic nitrogen. This thesis brings new results into longtime research of moon Titan and new results into study of processes in nitrogen-methane plasma.
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Study of post-discharge kinetic processes by titration methods
Josiek, Stanislav ; Kozáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
Many experimental and theoretical works on plasma post-discharges have been published during the last more than fifty years. A part of these works was focused in details on nitrogen discharges and post-discharges and kinetic processes in it. The aim of the presented bachelor`s thesis was to study kinetic processes in post-discharge in pure nitrogen and nitrogen contained methane traces. Atomic nitrogen concentration at different methane concentrations was measured by the nitrogen monoxide titration into the post-discharge. All experimental results were obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy. Optical emission spectra were taken in the range of 300-600 nm. DC discharge was created in a quartz tube in a flowing regime. The flowing regime was chosen for this experiment because of better time resolution of the post-discharge. Nitrogen flow was 400 mln/min. Nitrogen oxide flow was in the range of 0-10 mln/min and it was added at the selected post-discharge time. Experiments were carried out for pure nitrogen and for four different methane concentrations – 0.006, 0.013, 0.019 and 0.025 %. Total gas pressure of 1000 Pa, discharge current of 150 mA and voltage of 1110 V were constant during all these experiments. Nitrogen first positive, second positive and first negative spectral systems, NO spectral system and NO2* spectral system were recognized in all measured spectra. The atomic nitrogen concentration was determined using NO and NO2* intensities, and it was increased by the increase of methane concentration. On the other hand, the nitrogen molecular ion emission was strongly quenched even at very low concentration of methane. From this point of view, this thesis is innovative and brings new results into the worldwide research.
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Study of molecular oxygen titration into nitrogen post-discharge
Řehulková, Blanka ; Mazánková, Věra (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
A huge number of experiments were carried out in the field of nitrogen post-discharges during the last 50 or 60 years and they were supported by many published theoretical works. Some papers were focused also on the nitrogen active discharge, post-discharge itself, or they focused mainly on the kinetic processes running during the post-discharge period. This experimental work shows how oxygen titration into post-discharge will influence nitrogen flowing post-discharge. Experimental data were obtained by optical emission spectrometry, Spectra were measured in the range 300 - 700 nm at laboratory temperature of 300K. Discharge current was kept constant at the value of 120 mA relating to the total discharge power of 145 W. Pressure was kept constant, too, at the value of 1000 Pa. The nitrogen of 99.9999 % purity (further purified by Oxiclear column) flow was adjusted at 0.8 l/min. Flow of oxygen (99.95 % purity) through he titration capillary introduced to post-discharge from down stream direction, was kept at 4 ml/min. Both gas flows were controlled by mass flow controllers. The optical emission spectrometer Jobin Yvon TRIAX 550 with 300 gr/mm grating equipped by liquid nitrogen cooled CCD detector was used for the spectra acquisition. The integration time of 1 s was used at all experiments. The position of titration tube end introduced into post discharge from the down stream side was set from 5 to 25 cm with respect to the end of the active discharge; the step of 1 cm was used. The optical emission spectra were measured at positions from 3 to 29 cm with respect to the active discharge end. The following nitrogen spectral systems were identified in the spectra: 1st positive, 1st negative and 2nd positive. Besides them, some bands of NO-beta system were found. The intensity profiles along the post discharge were obtained for selected vibrational spectral bands of these spectral systems and changes in the vibrational distributions of upper electronic states of these spectral systems were determined.
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Study of molecular oxygen titration into nitrogen post-discharge
Řehulková, Blanka ; Mazánková, Věra (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
A huge number of experiments were carried out in the field of nitrogen post-discharges during the last 50 or 60 years and they were supported by many published theoretical works. Some papers were focused also on the nitrogen active discharge, post-discharge itself, or they focused mainly on the kinetic processes running during the post-discharge period. This experimental work shows how oxygen titration into post-discharge will influence nitrogen flowing post-discharge. Experimental data were obtained by optical emission spectrometry, Spectra were measured in the range 300 - 700 nm at laboratory temperature of 300K. Discharge current was kept constant at the value of 120 mA relating to the total discharge power of 145 W. Pressure was kept constant, too, at the value of 1000 Pa. The nitrogen of 99.9999 % purity (further purified by Oxiclear column) flow was adjusted at 0.8 l/min. Flow of oxygen (99.95 % purity) through he titration capillary introduced to post-discharge from down stream direction, was kept at 4 ml/min. Both gas flows were controlled by mass flow controllers. The optical emission spectrometer Jobin Yvon TRIAX 550 with 300 gr/mm grating equipped by liquid nitrogen cooled CCD detector was used for the spectra acquisition. The integration time of 1 s was used at all experiments. The position of titration tube end introduced into post discharge from the down stream side was set from 5 to 25 cm with respect to the end of the active discharge; the step of 1 cm was used. The optical emission spectra were measured at positions from 3 to 29 cm with respect to the active discharge end. The following nitrogen spectral systems were identified in the spectra: 1st positive, 1st negative and 2nd positive. Besides them, some bands of NO-beta system were found. The intensity profiles along the post discharge were obtained for selected vibrational spectral bands of these spectral systems and changes in the vibrational distributions of upper electronic states of these spectral systems were determined.
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Measure of atomic nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen post-discharge
Josiek, Stanislav ; doc.Mgr.Pavel Slavíček, Ph.D. (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
Clean post-discharge nitrogen plasma and nitrogen plasma with different traces have been focus of scientists for more than 50 years and there were published many articles on theme active discharge, post-discharge, processes and reactions. It is possible to create kinetic models from all these information and then calculate concentrations of elements in atomic form. This diploma thesis is focused on measuring of concentration of atomic nitrogen for different conditions (decay time, pressure, admixture). The titration method by nitric oxide in post-discharge was used to determinate of concentration of atomic nitrogen. All experimental results were obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy. Optical emission spectra were taken in the range of 300-600 nm. DC discharge was created in a quartz tube in a flowing regime. The flowing regime was chosen for this experiment because of better time resolution of decay time, order in milliseconds. Decay time was in the range of 16 – 82 ms for individual experiments. Nitrogen flow was 400 mln/min. Nitrogen oxide flow was in the range of 0-10 mln/min and it was added at the selected post-discharge time. Trace of methane was 0,006 % of the whole volume. Total gas pressure was set on values from 500 to 4000 Pa. The output of discharge was set on constant value of current 150 mA and the output has changed according to the amount of pressure. Nitrogen first positive, second positive and first negative spectral systems, NO spectral system and NO2* spectral system were recognized in all measured spectra. Absolute concentration of atomic nitrogen was specified by the method of titration of NO. Traces of methane increase dissociation of molecular nitrogen and therefore increase the concentration of atomic nitrogen. This thesis brings new results into longtime research of moon Titan and new results into study of processes in nitrogen-methane plasma.
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Study of post-discharge kinetic processes by titration methods
Josiek, Stanislav ; Kozáková, Zdenka (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
Many experimental and theoretical works on plasma post-discharges have been published during the last more than fifty years. A part of these works was focused in details on nitrogen discharges and post-discharges and kinetic processes in it. The aim of the presented bachelor`s thesis was to study kinetic processes in post-discharge in pure nitrogen and nitrogen contained methane traces. Atomic nitrogen concentration at different methane concentrations was measured by the nitrogen monoxide titration into the post-discharge. All experimental results were obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy. Optical emission spectra were taken in the range of 300-600 nm. DC discharge was created in a quartz tube in a flowing regime. The flowing regime was chosen for this experiment because of better time resolution of the post-discharge. Nitrogen flow was 400 mln/min. Nitrogen oxide flow was in the range of 0-10 mln/min and it was added at the selected post-discharge time. Experiments were carried out for pure nitrogen and for four different methane concentrations – 0.006, 0.013, 0.019 and 0.025 %. Total gas pressure of 1000 Pa, discharge current of 150 mA and voltage of 1110 V were constant during all these experiments. Nitrogen first positive, second positive and first negative spectral systems, NO spectral system and NO2* spectral system were recognized in all measured spectra. The atomic nitrogen concentration was determined using NO and NO2* intensities, and it was increased by the increase of methane concentration. On the other hand, the nitrogen molecular ion emission was strongly quenched even at very low concentration of methane. From this point of view, this thesis is innovative and brings new results into the worldwide research.
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