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Semiconductors structures , charge collection method
Golda, Martin ; Čudek, Pavel (referee) ; Špinka, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis treats about semiconducting silicon structures. It describes the characteristics of the element and creation of P and N type of semiconductor and discusses about different types of faults in the crystal lattice. It deals with the description of methods for monitoring faults in semiconductor ie. determining the properties of semiconductors via EBIC, EBIV and CC methods, which are used for analysis of semiconductor devices and materials. Determining the properties of silicon components is being done by generation of charge carriers in the sample loaded in chamber of the scanning electron microscope by high energy electrons. Bellow the sample surface is being generated an electric charge which is being collected by probes. Using this data obtained by EBIC and CC were evaluated diffusion length and lifetime of electrons.
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Analysis of multistress ageing on dielectric spectras of materials
Kučera, Miroslav ; Frk, Martin (referee) ; Rozsívalová, Zdenka (advisor)
Diploma thesis treat of effect of thermal, electrical and combined (thermal electrical) stress on electrical characteristics of insulation material ISONOM NMN which is used as a slot insulation in electric motors. To monitor the stress is used the method of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Under examinations are the resultant dielectric spectra which constitute the frequency dependencies of components of complex permitivity. Compared are the effects of particular stresses on dielectric spectra of surveyed insulative material.
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The effect of oxygen on the triplet state lifetime of carotenoids in photosynthetic complexes
Vahalová, Petra ; Pšenčík, Jakub (advisor) ; Bína, David (referee)
The aim of this study was to find a suitable method of preparation of anaerobic conditions in or- der to determine intrinsic lifetimes of carotenoid triplet states in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. We have compared the following three methods: (1) blowing an inert gas (nitrogen) above the surface of a liquid sample, (2) removing oxygen by means of chemical reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase and catalase and (3) use of sodium dithionite. Each method was first tested on meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine and then applied on the main light-harvesting complex of Amphidinium carterae. The lifetimes of the triplet states of carotenoids in the light-harvesting complex were determined from kinetics measured directly by a photomultiplier tube and from transient absorption spectra measured at different delays after the excitation pulse by an intensi- fied CCD camera. The effects of the used substances on the sample stability were evaluated by measuring steady-state absorption spectra and pH. Blowing the sample with nitrogen was time- consuming and less efficient in attaining anaerobic conditions compared to the other two methods. In contrast, anaerobic conditions were obtained in a relatively short time after the application of so- dium dithionite; however, it caused acidification of the sample ralated...
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Measurement of the B0 meson lifetime at ATLAS detector
Řezníček, Pavel ; Doležal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cvach, Jaroslav (referee) ; Catmore, James Richard (referee)
Title: Measurement of the B0 d meson lifetime at ATLAS detector Author: Pavel Řezníček Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The lifetime of B0 d mesons is determined from their decays B0 d → J/ψK∗0 reconstructed in ATLAS experiment at the LHC using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and corresponding to integrated luminosity of 40 pb−1 . The lifetime, extracted from the simultaneous unbinned maximum likelihood mass-lifetime fit, is 1.51±0.04 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.) ps. A total number of 2750±90 (stat.) signal B0 d decays are observed in the measurement, with a fit- ted B0 d mass of 5363.7 ± 1.2 (stat.) MeV. Both the extracted B0 d meson mass and lifetime are within the determined errors consistent with the world average values. Although the achieved precision is still significantly lower than the one of the world average value, the measurement successfully tested the feasibility of the fit-method and allowed to cross-check ATLAS detector performance. Keywords: CERN, LHC, ATLAS, B-physics, B-hadron, Lifetime
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Measurement of the B0 meson lifetime at ATLAS detector
Řezníček, Pavel
Title: Measurement of the B0 d meson lifetime at ATLAS detector Author: Pavel Řezníček Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The lifetime of B0 d mesons is determined from their decays B0 d → J/ψK∗0 reconstructed in ATLAS experiment at the LHC using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and corresponding to integrated luminosity of 40 pb−1 . The lifetime, extracted from the simultaneous unbinned maximum likelihood mass-lifetime fit, is 1.51±0.04 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.) ps. A total number of 2750±90 (stat.) signal B0 d decays are observed in the measurement, with a fit- ted B0 d mass of 5363.7 ± 1.2 (stat.) MeV. Both the extracted B0 d meson mass and lifetime are within the determined errors consistent with the world average values. Although the achieved precision is still significantly lower than the one of the world average value, the measurement successfully tested the feasibility of the fit-method and allowed to cross-check ATLAS detector performance. Keywords: CERN, LHC, ATLAS, B-physics, B-hadron, Lifetime
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Study of associated anisotropy decay curves of tryptophan fluorescence of proteins
Pultarová, Martina ; Večeř, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Heřman, Petr (referee)
This work focuses on simulation of anisotropy decay curves of a model system where protein P1 with one tryptophan interacts with regulating protein P2 without tryptophan to form a complex P1P2 with simultaneous change of tryptophan fluorescence lifetime of the complex. Under these conditions, the heterogeneous solution of proteins P1 and P1P2 exhibits non- exponential fluorescence anisotropy decay which is deduced also from equations presented in this work. Such curves analytically simulated with and without Poisson noise are the main results of this work. The heterogeneous curves were analyzed using computer programs developed earlier for homogeneous systems. As expected such analysis yields correct values of fluorescence lifetimes but does not recover anisotropy parameters used in simulations. Despite of high intensities of simulated data, anisotropy decay curves of homogeneous solutions are very noisy and can be used only on a relatively short time interval of their decay.
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Measurement of the B0 meson lifetime at ATLAS detector
Řezníček, Pavel
Title: Measurement of the B0 d meson lifetime at ATLAS detector Author: Pavel Řezníček Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The lifetime of B0 d mesons is determined from their decays B0 d → J/ψK∗0 reconstructed in ATLAS experiment at the LHC using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and corresponding to integrated luminosity of 40 pb−1 . The lifetime, extracted from the simultaneous unbinned maximum likelihood mass-lifetime fit, is 1.51±0.04 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.) ps. A total number of 2750±90 (stat.) signal B0 d decays are observed in the measurement, with a fit- ted B0 d mass of 5363.7 ± 1.2 (stat.) MeV. Both the extracted B0 d meson mass and lifetime are within the determined errors consistent with the world average values. Although the achieved precision is still significantly lower than the one of the world average value, the measurement successfully tested the feasibility of the fit-method and allowed to cross-check ATLAS detector performance. Keywords: CERN, LHC, ATLAS, B-physics, B-hadron, Lifetime
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The effect of oxygen on the triplet state lifetime of carotenoids in photosynthetic complexes
Vahalová, Petra ; Pšenčík, Jakub (advisor) ; Bína, David (referee)
The aim of this study was to find a suitable method of preparation of anaerobic conditions in or- der to determine intrinsic lifetimes of carotenoid triplet states in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. We have compared the following three methods: (1) blowing an inert gas (nitrogen) above the surface of a liquid sample, (2) removing oxygen by means of chemical reactions catalyzed by glucose oxidase and catalase and (3) use of sodium dithionite. Each method was first tested on meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine and then applied on the main light-harvesting complex of Amphidinium carterae. The lifetimes of the triplet states of carotenoids in the light-harvesting complex were determined from kinetics measured directly by a photomultiplier tube and from transient absorption spectra measured at different delays after the excitation pulse by an intensi- fied CCD camera. The effects of the used substances on the sample stability were evaluated by measuring steady-state absorption spectra and pH. Blowing the sample with nitrogen was time- consuming and less efficient in attaining anaerobic conditions compared to the other two methods. In contrast, anaerobic conditions were obtained in a relatively short time after the application of so- dium dithionite; however, it caused acidification of the sample ralated...
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Measurement of the B0 meson lifetime at ATLAS detector
Řezníček, Pavel ; Doležal, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cvach, Jaroslav (referee) ; Catmore, James Richard (referee)
Title: Measurement of the B0 d meson lifetime at ATLAS detector Author: Pavel Řezníček Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Dr. Zdeněk Doležal Supervisor's e-mail address: Zdenek.Dolezal@mff.cuni.cz Abstract: The lifetime of B0 d mesons is determined from their decays B0 d → J/ψK∗0 reconstructed in ATLAS experiment at the LHC using pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and corresponding to integrated luminosity of 40 pb−1 . The lifetime, extracted from the simultaneous unbinned maximum likelihood mass-lifetime fit, is 1.51±0.04 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.) ps. A total number of 2750±90 (stat.) signal B0 d decays are observed in the measurement, with a fit- ted B0 d mass of 5363.7 ± 1.2 (stat.) MeV. Both the extracted B0 d meson mass and lifetime are within the determined errors consistent with the world average values. Although the achieved precision is still significantly lower than the one of the world average value, the measurement successfully tested the feasibility of the fit-method and allowed to cross-check ATLAS detector performance. Keywords: CERN, LHC, ATLAS, B-physics, B-hadron, Lifetime
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