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Trophic ecology of the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)
Bendová, Barbora ; Andreas, Michal (advisor) ; Bartonička, Tomáš (referee)
In 2012 it was observed foraging ecology of the three males of greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis), inhabiting individual roosts in the interior of road bridge near Bernartice, and the nearest nursery colony of the same species in the village Senožaty (district Pelhřimov). In the period April to September in Senožaty were made 14 collections at intervals of approximately 14 days and in the bridge near Bernartice at similar intervals were made 8 collections from each male in the period from May to September. From each collection were subsequently been analyzed 20 samples (pellets) by the traditional method of preparation of faeces. Overall it was from all the bats analyzed 760 samples, of which 280 from the nursery colony and 480 from males. Based on the analysis was found diet composition of individual bats and of the colony, where the overall character of the trophic niche of the greater mouse-eared bat, seasonal dynamics in it's diet composition, sex differences and individual differences between males were observed. From a point of view of it's hunting strategy the greater mouse-eared bat showed itself as a ground gleaner, in whose diet were dominated larger Coleoptera, of which the predominant component were large, flightless, mostly forest Carabidae, adding medium and smaller species of...
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Antipredatory behaviour, sexual selection and reproductive success in domestic sparrow (Passer domesticus).
Klvaňová, Alena ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Mlíkovský, Jiří (referee) ; Procházka, Petr (referee)
Anti-predator behaviour, sexual selection and reproductive success in the House Sparrow Passer domesticus Alena Klvaňová Summary of the thesis Individual components of parental care are disproportionally distributed among the parents in the House Sparrow. While the female broods the nestlings more often and feeds them more frequently, the male defends the nest more intensely. In an experimental study the parents did not adjust their nest defence intensity to behaviour of their partners, nor to brood parameters. Only males tended to defend the sooner broods more intensely, which is in concordance with the "brood value hypothesis". Male contribution to nestling feeding affected their body mass. Male nest defence intensity increased with the size of their melanin ornament. Thus, we assume that the ornament could signal male investment in this component of parental care, while it does not correlate with feeding frequency and time spent by incubation. This output is probably caused by pleiotropic effect of genes regulating melanogenesis, affecting e. g. testosterone plasma level, which is associated with increased agression and lower intensity of other components of parental care as nestling provisioning or incubation. We have also aked the question whether the anti-predator strategy in House Sparrow is stable...
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Healthy eating in kindergarten
MAROUŠKOVÁ, Iva
This Bachelor?s thesis deals with rational nutrition and nutrition as such and its importance for the health of children. In the theoretical part I define the terms related to nutrition and eating habits. The practical part contains results of a quantitative survey. I chose to use questionnaires for the survey the respondents of which included parents and kindergarten teachers. The aim of this thesis was to find out whether children during the pre-school years eat healthily and whether parents and kindergarten teachers think over their diet composition, and to identify the level of children?s eating habits and what eating habits parents find important.
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Diet composition of Common Kestrels Falco tinnunculus and Long-eared Owls Asio otus coexisting in an urban environment
LÖVY, Matěj
We studied dietary composition of urban populations of Common Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) under fluctuating vole abundance. We tested hypotheses that the proportion of alternative prey in the diet increase with decreasing vole abundance throughout the years and that alternative prey differ between raptors due to different daily activities and/or hunting techniques. Finally, we tested whether the proportion of voles in the diet is influenced by the nest position within the city.
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The diet of larval and juvenile pikeperch (.i.Stizostedion lucioperca./i.)(L.)), comparative study of fishponds and a reservoir
Peterka, Jiří ; Matěna, Josef ; Lipka, J.
Diet of larval and juvenile pikeperch (.i.S. lucioperca./i.) reared in ponds was investigated and compared with the diet of pikeperch from a reservoir. Numbers of rotifers were found low in the diet of pikeperch larvae in fishponds and they were soonreplaced by nauplii of cyclopoid copepods. .i.Daphnia./i. spp. were consumed from the onset of exogenous feeding. Another smaller cladoceran .i.Bosmina./i. longirostris did not contribute to the diet significantly. In the reservoir, rotifers were not found in the diet of pikeperch larvae. Dominant food items were nauplii and 1st copepodite instar of .i.Eudiaptomus gracilis./i. and .i.Cyclops./i. spp. .i.Daphnia galeata./i. and to a lesser extent .i.Diaphanosoma brachyurum./i. appeared in the pikeperch diet at a length of about 10 mm. A shift towards larger prey, especially .i.Leptodora kindtii./i., could be recognised in pikeperch at a length of 20 mm. Growth of pikeperch was found faster in nursing ponds than in the reservoir.
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