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Analýza udržitelného rozvoje vybraných států Afriky, se speciálním zřetelem na využití půdy a návrhy rámcových opatření
Bárta, Vojtěch
Abstract Title: Analysis of sustainable development in selected African countries, with special reference to land use and proposals for framework measures. This work consisted of selecting 3 developing countries in Africa according to selected criteria and then analysing pre-determined areas of these selected countries. Subsequently, proposals and measures leading to the promotion of sustainable development of the analyzed countries were built on the analysis. The results of the work were based on the proposals and measures that were established for the individual states, and for the analyzed states in aggregate, concluding the work with a summary of the results in order to prepare them for possible use by anyone, in the further development of this issue. The selected states represented three very diverse territories, including a state whose territory extends into the Sahara Desert. The draft frameworks, which were designed to promote their sustainable development, focused on combating the degradation of the torpid soil type following deforestation, providing water for agriculture and other purposes, combating desertification, agricultural policy and combating corruption. These draft measures were designed to be as feasible as possible, taking into account the lack of resources available to developing countries and other limitations of these territories.
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Vliv poškození lesa pastvou na aridizaci krajiny v severním Mongolsku
Hudzieczek, Jaroslav
The theme of this thesis (Effect of grazing for forest damage and related aridization of northern Mongolia) is mainly focused to study and assess the impact of excessive forest grazing on the ability of natural regeneration with consequent negative impact on increase of aridization and desertification elswhere in northern Mongolia. The research was focused on sites Goricho, Barun Bayan and Dzun Bayan in the national park Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area and the area of the National park Khowsgol Nur Lake. The significant damage of larch forests was found and studied in all four study areas. The main role have livestock grazing, and to a lesser extent also a wildlife. Among the most affected young trees dominated tree species: Larix sibirica, Betulaspp. and Pinus sibirica. Studied forests of the Goricho display high mortality, and their natural regeneration is strongly reduced due excessive forest grazing. Locations Barun Bayan and Dzun Bayan are due to their remoteness damaged to a lesser extent than Goricho. Natural regeneration at the site Khowsgol Nur is subjected to heavy grazing pressure, especially from goats and sheep, regeneration is severely damaged. Larix sibirica was examined at this Khowsgol Nur site as damaged in lesser extent (damaged individuals outweighed healthy individuals). Due to the high damage raid on Goricho and Khowsgol Nur is the decreased ability of vegetation to restore forests naturally. All these areas are highly vulnerable to increasing aridization and desertification. The process of desertification, which is among the planned priority and dealt with development aid projects in Mongolia, is currently very topical in other arid parts of the world and this is the main reason why the present research is realized. Both aridization and desertification along Northern Mongolia is documented by significant signs of water and wind erosion and increase of annual temperature and context of lower water supply.
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The causes of desertification in Africa
Nesrovnal, Evžen ; Potopová, Vera (advisor) ; Brigita, Brigita (referee)
This bachelor thesis follows the causes, consequences and future impacts of climate change and desertification in Africa and globally. The work is focused on the Convention itself which deals with combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought, especially in developing countries and the related Joint Africa-EU strategy and priority measures. The thesis also deals with the issue of enlargement of deserts and provides a comprehensive overview of areas prone to desertification on all continents. It pays attention to adaptation and mitigation measures at the global level, but also on the African continent and simultaneously due to desertification on agriculture and food security. The last part of the research is a case study of the Sahel which is part of Africa between the 12th and 20th parallel of the northern latitude. It describes the characteristics of the landscape, desertification and possible solutions, eg. appropriate farming practices and habits of the population which is very important to change for development of this highly affected area. Abundant drought in this region had occurred in the 70s, mid-80s and again in the early the 90s of the 20th century, in Sudan since the 70s of the 20th century, each year annual rainfall is reducing. Results based on analysis of historical observations indicate the presence of at least three particularly sensitive regions called the climate "hotspots" - places with the most apparent climate change (rainfall decrease in the dry season is almost one hundred percent).
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Arboristická problematika boje s desertifikací na příkladu Velké zelené zdi v Číně
Matoušková, Marie
Northern China is subdued to serious desertification caused by expansion of the Gobi Desert, mostly in the southern direction. There are several ways how minimize desertification as one of global environmental problems. One of the really extensive and long-term projects in stopping progress of the desert is the Chinese Great Green Wall, an artificial belt of trees planted to improve environmental characteristics and living conditions of people throughout northern China, eventually in the whole world. Some inventory and field science were made on six sites in extravilan to determine preliminary results of the project and to establish possible proposal how to improve combating desertification by this project as well as improving conditions in industrial cities, too.
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