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Analysis of temporal speech impairments in patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Davaajargal, Anar ; Kováč, Daniel (referee) ; Novotný, Kryštof (advisor)
Dementia with Lewy bodies is the second most common neurodegenerative disease of the dementia type. Progressive degradation of motor and cognitive abilities and behavioral changes have a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected person and those around them. Early diagnosis of the disease is therefore crucial for setting up adequate treatment. Due to similarities with other diseases, it may be overlooked or mistaken for another disease in the early stages. There is a lack of extensive research detailing the speech defects specific for this disease, which through acoustic analysis could be used to make a paraclinical diagnosis in a cost-effective, non-invasive, yet efficient manner. The aim of this paper is to survey available knowledge and methods, select and implement appropriate parameters targeting tempo and pauses, and then evaluate the effectiveness of the methods used to discriminate patients from healthy controls. The evaluation was based on Mann-Whitney U test and descriptive statistics. The best results were obtained for parameters MWPM of longer words, median pause length, occurrence of repeated words and NSR, all considering the task with monologue, which generally showed a greater discriminative power than the task that involved reading a text. The analysis suggests temporal parameters suitable for describing speech disorders in the selected disease. At the same time, new custom metrics are introduced and tested in this paper.
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Quantitative fMRI as a biomarker in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
Venhudová, Aneta ; Mikl, Michal (referee) ; Gajdoš, Martin (advisor)
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. With the aging population trend observed in today's society, an increasing prevalence of such diseases is expected. Since the symptoms of various neurodegenerative diseases can be similar but their causes are different, their treatments also vary. It is therefore important to accurately diagnose patients and apply the appropriate therapeutic approach. Early detection of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) symptoms allows an earlier diagnosis, which enables pacients to start with therapy sooner, improving their quality of life with the disease. This bachelor's thesis focuses on use of quantitative fMRI in detection of the prodromal stage of DLB. The theoretical research shortly introduces the issue of DLB, dynamic functional connectivity, the principles of MR Imaging and discusses discriminant analysis methods. In the practical section data of subjects in the prodromal stage of DLB as well as healthy controls are visualized and an algorithm for comparing a new experimental approach to fMRI data processing with the metod, which is being currently used, is proposed, implemented and described. The results of the comparison are discussed.
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Associations of morphometric and metabolic biomarkers with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias
Nedelská, Zuzana ; Hort, Jakub (advisor) ; Nevrlý, Martin (referee) ; Dušek, Petr (referee)
Associations of morphometric and metabolic biomarkers with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias Abstract Dementia has become one of the major health care and socio-economic challenges. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia whereas dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative after AD. However, both dementias exist in a quite heterogeneous contiua that can overlap with each other. Approaches that allow for the identification of individuals at risk of developing AD in preclinical or prodromal stages are of major interest to apply the symptomatic and newly introduced biological therapies and non- pharmacological interventions that are more effective early on. Similar efforts are undertaken in the DLB field although no causal treatment for DLB is available yet. A prerequisite for an efficacious and targeted intervention is a selection of individuals who would benefit the most from this intervention. This process includes the timely and accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognostication, and management of treatable comorbidities. This dissertation has two parts. Part one is an overview of AD and DLB. The second part summarizes author's research work. The main research aims corroborated in this thesis are three-fold: First, to...
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Analysis of speech disorders in patients with a high risk of developing Lewy body diseases
Novotný, Kryštof ; Kováč, Daniel (referee) ; Mekyska, Jiří (advisor)
Lewy bodies diseases (one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders) have the same pathological basis, but the individual representatives differ in their clinical manifestations. Different diseases affect the mental or physical side of the patient to a greater or lesser extent. This work assumes that thanks to the acoustic analysis of speech, it is possible to distinguish individual diseases from one another, because the disorders of the cognitive and motor aspects of a patient reflect in speech in specific ways. The thesis aims to describe the clinical features of the main representatives of the Lewy bodies diseases, to investigate their impact on speech, to propose characterizing acoustic parameters and then to compare their discriminative power. Speech recordings from the CoBeN and preLBD databases are used as input data for the proposed algorithm. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, FDR correction and XGBoost machine learning model using stratified cross-validation and balanced accuracy are used for subsequent evaluation. The result are scripts for the automated calculation of speech parameters from the database and their evaluation. The results of the analysis prove that the selected diseases can really be distinguished from each other and from a healthy control based on the manifestations in speech, already in the prodromal stages.
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