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Means and Decontamination of People and Technique in Area of Emergency Planning
NIMANSKÝ, Jiří
There are two nuclear power plants in the Czech Republic for which measures to protect the population are proposed in the case of a radiation accident. This diploma thesis deals with one of them by decontamination of persons and techniques in the emergency planning zone. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis focuses mainly on knowledge and concepts in the field of ionizing radiation, radiation protection and emergency planning. The main objective was to analyze, compare and evaluate the existing and newly introduced decontamination means of persons and equipment of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic and the Army of the Czech Republic. For this purpose, eight decontamination devices have been selected for use in a radiation accident. One of the partial objectives is also to compare the decontamination methods and procedures of both components. The quantitative processing of the parameters studied was used to compare, and a multi-criteria decision-making method was used to obtain the results, using the scoring method. In order to obtain data and information, searches of available publications, methodological sheets and instructions for decontamination equipment were carried out. All information has been consulted with chemical experts from the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic and chemical units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The results of the comparison showed that the decontamination facilities of the members of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic are more suitable for use in the radiation accident. Their main advantages are a more effective solution for wound decontamination and a system for capturing and collecting contaminated water. However, the Army of the Czech Republic would be able to do the same work after the partial modifications. The decontamination equipment for solving the radiation accident is constantly being refined. An example is the Portable Frame Gamma Detector. This allows you to speed up the decontamination process and saves the forces and resources deployed to deal with an emergency.
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Technical equipment of fire protection for the decontamination of people and technology.
POJETA, Antonín
This bachelor thesis is describing problems regarding technical equipment of fire-brigade units while decontaminating citizens and technology not in the state of war within the Czech Republic territory. Based on the national conditions this thesis is specializing in the civil area. It stresses out the need of the Czech fire-brigade units to be prepared for decontamination of citizens from dangerous substances in case of emergencies, accidents but also in case of a terrorist attack. This thesis is also taking into account the possibility of setting in the special Czech Army units. Theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is an introduction into the topic, defines historical events connected with the need of decontamination and in general people's comprehension of decontamination of not only themselves but also everything around them and surrounding them. This is obviously closely connected to contamination without which the decontamination would not have been possible. Decontamination chapter contains basic definitions, defining basic procedures including chemical substances used for decontamination with connection to detection and identification of substances, definition of operation and protection area. The description of forces and equipment used for decontamination is in the last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis. It also mentions the laws of the concerned topic and location of the above mentioned units within the Czech Republic. Research problems and procedure of the thesis has been set up in the second, practical part. Its aim is the compare two different citizen and technology decontamination techniques which are used as a part of equipment of rescue units in the Czech Republic. It is also possible for those two techniques to participate on the same emergency event and based on one-generation distance between those two techniques the main question was perfectly clear from the beginning. Is the new technology used by the Czech fire-brigade units better than the old one, or modernised technology of the Czech Army Forces, considering it as the first solution to special emergency events within all given and defined aspects? Because there are limited technical information available and also not that many units used by the Czech fire-brigade certain types of decontamination lines had to be taken out of the study, such as SDO-A, SDO-1A and SDO-Z, therefor the outcome of this thesis cannot be interpreted unambiguously. Regarding the Czech Army Forces for the research part there was only type of decontamination of citizens used and presented. The rescue teams are currently using two decontamination lines which were compared within the comparison decontamination techniques study. The Integrated Rescue System in the Czech Republic is prepared for mass citizen-and-technology decontamination in both, material and educational, ways based on technical data given in the discussions present in the research part of the thesis. The concerned workers have also mentioned that there are specific trainings missing to crosscheck the whole technology within extreme conditions. We also came across the knowledge of a lot of problematic parts and incomplete systems, this information was given to us directly by the field-workers. The findings based on the research are presented at the end of the thesis as recommendations for practical use and improvement for current situation in case of mass-decontamination in the Czech Republic.
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