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Awareness and attitudes of Mydlovary residents resulting from risks of radioactivity leak from the former uranium ore processing plant MAPE Mydlovary
HUSOVÁ, Iva
In South Bohemia, near the Czech town of České Budějovice, in close vicinity of municipalities of Mydlovary, Nákří, Olešník, Zahájí and Dívčice, there are 286 ha of uranium tailings impoundments, along with the former uranium ore processing plant known as MAPE Mydlovary. Althought this company terminated its operation in 1991, significant tailings impoundments contaminants, such as dust, radon emissions and gamma radiation are being found here. Nevertheless, radon emissions still represent a risk to the population in the neighborhood and airborne radon poses a risk also to other areas. Therefore, residents in a wide neighbourhood have long been loaded with increased doses of radiation. The thesis deals with negative consequences of the former uranium ore processing plant MAPE Mydlovary on human health and also describes the process of clearing works in progress in the locality. In this thesis, the level of awareness of Mydlovary residents, their opinions and attitudes to the damaged area are also mentioned. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused first on a brief description and history of the former uranium ore plant, the consequences of the MAPE Mydlovary activities and associated risks (e.g. higher doses of radon), which put inhabitants of nearby villages under threat. The next section provides information on the residents´ attitudes to decontamination works performed at the site and associated problems. The practical part of this thesis is devoted to the research, the aim was to determine if and to what extent Mydlovary residents are aware of the potential damage to land, water, air, and a possible negative impact on their health. The research also provides information on the residents´ attitudes to decontamination works at the site and about the preferred usage of the damaged area after decontamination is completed. The research was conducted by addressing 73 residents of Mydlovary in the period from January to March 2010. The results prove a relatively high awareness of Mydlovary residents about negative effects of radioactive substances and hazardous contaminants on their health, and also point to a lack of the respondents´ awareness about decontamination works and outline the current worries of Mydlovary residents.
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The aktivity of municipal volunteer fire company with a view to decontamination
MALÍK, Daniel
In this thesis the procedures and methods of simplified decontamination carried out by fire brigade voluntary troops of a municipality with the help of available technique and acquired knowledge are elaborated. At present state the system and categories of fire protection troops, the plan of area coverage and the determination of selected fire protection troops to decontamination are described. The next part is devoted to decontamination itself. This term, the description and division of intervention place into zones, further the description of decontamination station and its space are analysed. Decontamination carried out by emergency facilities is used as the base for the created methodology. At the end of this part the decontamination of individuals and the technique is mentioned. In the questionnaire research the state of knowledge and equipment of fire brigade voluntary troops concerning decontamination is found out. On the basis of these facts the methodological list Simplified Decontamination in Fire Brigade Voluntary Troops of a Municipality was created. It will serve as a tool for professional preparation and education of their members, especially determined fire protection troops for decontamination.
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Fire protection equipment units of South Bohemia region for events with the escape of radiation.
FIŠARA, Jiří
The following bachelor thesis desribes general classification of fire brigade units and their location in the South Bohemia region. The units not only protect lives and possesions of the citizens but are also helpful in protection of the environment. Likewise, their assistance is significant in a possible accident resulting in the spread of radioactive materials. One of the potential risks to the Czech Republic population is ionizing radiation. In order to deal with such an accident effectively, the units must be fully equipped and trained. The work outlines procedures to be followed in the aforementioned situation as well as lists equipment used by the units in the region. The investigative part of the work reports on the ways of handling various apparatus, and desribes protective equipment and decontamination stations.
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The use of radiotherapy departments in the hospital response plan to the mass admission of casualties {--} a possible model
ŠIKOLOVÁ, Daniela
The work points out at the preparedness of health care institutions in terms of solution to the mass admission of contaminated persons and persons exposed to the effects of ionizing radiation. The traumatologic plan and the emergency preparedness plan for the particular hospital should work with small modifications as well for admissions of higher number of persons affected by ionizing radiation as for the mass traumatologic admission. The aim of this work was to detect possibilities of participation of radiotherapy departments to ensure the level of preparedness of hospitals for the mass admission of a defined sample of casualties. At the close of the work there was proposed a model of efficient use of specialists of radiotherapy departments of hospitals (e.g. the faculty hospitals) for preparedness of hospitals for the mass admission of casualties.
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Decontamination of devices in nursing practice
SMÍTKOVÁ, Šárka
Term ``decontamination{\crqq} is defined as a set of measures which constitutes killing or removal of microorganisms from the environment and items regardless of the degree of reduction of the germs quantity. Decontamination forms an integral part of nursing practice, preventing transfer and spread of infections. The qualitative research was conducted in the internal medicine ward of Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. by the method of a non-standardized interview, supplemented by structured observation. The research set comprised eight nurses. The interview consisted of 11 questions and the observation was divided into six units. Four objectives were set. Objective 1: to ascertain what devices are decontaminated in the nursing practice; objective 2: to ascertain who prepares solutions intended for decontamination of devices in the ward; objective 3: to ascertain in what manner decontamination of devices is conducted; and objective 4: to identify the most frequently used decontamination preparations. On the basis of these objectives the following research questions were raised: What devices are decontaminated in the internal medicine ward most frequently? How is preparation of decontamination solutions secured? How do nurses proceed in decontamination of devices? What preparations are used for decontamination? On the basis of the in-depth interview and observation it was ascertained that plastic devices are decontaminated in the ward, most frequent being urinals, bedpans, vomit bowls, working surfaces, tableware used by patients and surgical tools. The solutions intended for decontamination are prepared by nurses and sanitation staff following the recommended procedure but not observing exact dosing of the disinfectant. When decontaminating devices, the nurses use a two-stage decontamination procedure. The decontamination preparations most frequently used by the nurses are 0.5% Persteril and Presept tablets. The results of the research will be provided to the ward where the research was conducted. As an opportunity for improvement, I propose holding a session of a small group of nurses in order to interact on the topic of decontamination of devices and to repeat the principles stipulated in the hospital standard so that the nurses realize what mistakes they make and what consequences may follow from the mistakes both for them and their patients.
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Burst effects of radiation dispersal weapon
SADÍLKOVÁ, Alexandra
One of the relatively cheap and easily available instruments suitable for a terrorist attack is the dirty bomb. Using conventional charges (TNT, Semtex etc.) it disperses radioactive materials. Its use is based on contamination of the area where the explosion took place and on creating a radioactive cloud, which may travel rather fast depending on the wind, and which pollutes other areas with its fall-out particles. Such areas become dangerous to live or stay in for a longer period due to the danger of irradiation sickness and cancer. The polluted areas must be decontaminated, which is a very difficult task. Another problem that may occur after the explosion of such a bomb is also panic as well as burns and injuries caused by shells. This work deals with possibilities of radiological weapon construction, the results of using a dirty bomb and with the work of integrated emergency services on such an occasion.
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Organization and Activity of Decontaminating Workplace on the Evacuative Run from the Zone of the Critical Planning of Nuclear Power Station
SEVEROVÁ, Šárka
The increasing energy consumption constantly requires new energy sources. One of the energy sources are nuclear power plants. We can suppose that the number of nuclear power plants will increase as a consequence of the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Therefore it is crucial to enhance the nuclear power plants security which corresponds with the risks related to the nuclear power plant operation. It is compulsory for each nuclear power plant to have an external and internal emergency plans ready. In the nuclear power plant surroundings satefy measure including decontamination are planned. A suitable layout of the decontamination station is crucial for the quality decontamination. It is also necessary to check up the functionality of such stations. I took part in one of such rescue unit drills ( ZONA 2007) on 25 October as an observer. The participation in it made me more familiar with nuclear power plant safety issues and therefore it was very useful for my thesis. The current situation is very complicated because special units that have been in charge of the decontamination zones (MSO) until recently are being dismissed or transformed. In spite of this fact the objective of my thesis was to design the layout of the decontamination zone which will meet such an area requirements. I set this hypothesis: {\clqq}I am convinced that the current preparedness and parameters of the decontamination zone as a component of the rescue system are more advanced than they used to be before.`` This hypothesis was confirmed as far as the technological and material progress is concerned. I was also dealing with difficult questions such as ethics at the procedure of decontamination in men and women, conditions in winter etc. I think the hypothesis of my thesis has been confirmed and I have managed to make the reader acquainted with the questions I dealt with. I also wanted to express my attitude to the disestablishment of the rescue unit in Jindřichův Hradec which had provided the decontamination service so far. In my thesis I analyse the decontamination measures in the surroundings of the nuclear power station in detail. The thesis may be used as a tutorial text and it is possible to elaborate on it after 1.October 2008 trying to answer the question: {\clqq}Who is going to replace the 153th Jindřichův Hradec rescue unit?``
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Occurrence of mercury in the soil.
MACHOVÁ, Zdeňka
ABSRTACT Mercury occur in atmosphere, in water also in soil. Work deal with compile literary background research about occurrence mercury in soils and decontamination contaminated soils. Decontamination they may proceed by the help of electrokinetics method, pyrometallurgical processes, biochemical processes and by the help of plants. Work is supplemented about experimental partthat the was compile - time on experimental localities. Main experimental locality finds not far off municipality Velký Chuchelec on Českokrumlovsko. Two next locations find near municipality Břehov on Českobudejovicko and municipality Lužice not far off Netolice on Prachaticko. Locality near Velký Chuchelec is in a number of ways managed meadow. In locality Břehov was take away exhibits arable land and in locality Lusatia was exhibits take away from arable soil, meadowland and wood. Total content mercury in soil was given by the help of atomic absorbtion spectrometry(AAS). Record was compared among single parts locations Velký Chuchelec that the was variously managed. Was processed by the help of statistical methods ANOVA and for content general mercury was quantified correlation with lysimeter waters and with oxidable carbon and organic carbonr. Further was compared contents total mercury among localities mutually and among variants wood, arable land and meadow. Was ascertained that the on experimental locality near Velký Chuchelec was included at least total mercury on flat 1, plot managed skiving three times per annum and amended NPK fertilizers, average content do 0,0265 {$\mu$}g/g. On the contrary high value in those locality was on plot managed mulching in combination with skiving also on flat 1, average value was 0,1171 {$\mu$}g/g. In comparison of others localities was documentary downtrend near kind soil. Differences content mercury in soil among forest soil, meadow and arable soil was conclusive. Downward trend was in sequence: forest soil F+H > meadowland > forest soil A1+A2 > arable land, with next average values in mentioned sequence: 0,1896 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0924 {$\mu$}g/g > 0,0517{$\mu$}g/g > 0,0401 {$\mu$}g/g.
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