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Vliv impregnace dřeva hovězí krví na jeho odolnost proti dřevokazným houbám
Remešová, Hana
The wood in buildings used to be treated with cattle blood. This paper deals with efficiency of such wood treatment against wood-decaying fungi. The main goal of the theoretical part was to summarize and settle obtainable information about cattle-blood wood impregnation. There were three different recipes based on cattle blood practically tested against brown-rot fungi (Poria placenta) and white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor). The wood protection against wood-decaying fungi was evaluated as ineffective according to the ČSN EN 839 standard. The reason for wood treatment with blood and possible use in presence are still to be found.
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Biodiverzita dřevních hub v urbanizovaném prostředí České republiky
Böhm, Šimon
The thesis deals with wood fungi, especially in the urbanized environment. In the field-work, various types of wood fungi were registered. The aim of this monitoring was to identify or verify their frequency, the most common host species, the effect of the in-fection on vitality, state of health, and tree stability. In addition, this work compares the differences between species of wood fungi occuring in urban environment and those found mainly in forests and nature reserves, whereas the most frequent species are described in detail. Last but not least, there are listed cases of tree failure due to wood fungi in the urban environment. Fomes fomentarius, Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus ro-bustus, Ustulina deusta, Inonotus hispidus were found to be the most common types of fungus in cities. Concerning the biodiversity of fungi, there were discovered significant differences between the city and the forest environment, particularly due to the share of coniferous and deciduous trees. As for the found cases of tree failure, they show that Fomes fomentarius and Ustulina deusta are the most common causes of the infection.
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Zhodnocení zdravotního stavu a biologického potenciálu dřevin v lokalitě Černovírský hřbitov
Svozil, Jiří
The thesis deals with the research of the locality, dendrometric data, health status and vitality assessment as well as operational safety of tree species at a military cemetery in Olomouc-Černovír. The bachelor thesis also includes a survey of the occurrence of wood entomofauna and wood-destroying fungi, as well as the design of arboric care in order to maintain or increase the biological potential while maintaining operational safety. The result of the work is recorded in summary tables, processed according to the SPPK A01 001: 2015 tree evaluation standard and supplemented by extensive photographic documentation, which can be found on included DVD.
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Monitoring zdravotního stavu stromové aleje na Hoře Matky Boží Králíky (okr. Ústí nad Orlicí)
Vojtíšek, Daniel
A dendrological survey was conducted in the alley, focusing on wood-destroying fungi and their rot. A total of 211 tree Acer platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Tilia cordata, Fraxinus excelsior and Aesculus hippocastanum were inventoried. 25 species of wood-destroying fungi were determined on monitored locality. The most common occurrence was the Pleurotus ostreatus, Kretszchmaria deusta and Pholliota squarrosa. Appropriate proposals for interventions were then proposed. Nineteen trees are designed to cut down to maintain operational safety. For some problematic tree species, only stabilization interventions are proposed to maintain the biodiversity of the alley.
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Porovnání účinnosti metod extrakce tropických dřev na základě analýzy získaného extraktu a jeho vlivu na dřevokazné houby
Přibylová, Zdeňka
The thesis compares the efficiency of two extraction methods: using the FexIKA apparatus and using ultrasound. To compare the extraction methods, extracts from merbau (Intsia bijuga O.Ktze.) and jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) were created. These tropical woods were ground and extracted. From the extracts, three concentrations of protective substances were created. The protective substances were tested to determine the content of extractive compounds and polyphenolic compounds. The obtained protective substances were impregnated into the wood of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The impregnated beech and pine samples were tested to determine the protective effectiveness against Trametes versicolor L. and Coniophora puteana P. Karst. From the acquired data, the loss of mass of the wood was assessed. The results showed that only samples impregnated with the protective substance with concentration of 3 showed adequate protection. Analysis of the protective substances showed a higher yield when using FexIKA on Merbau wood. Jatoba wood extraction showed a slightly higher yield when extracting using ultrasound. In general, the samples impregnated with extracts obtained using FexIKA showed lower mass loss than samples impregnated with extracts obtained using ultrasound.
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Vliv jednotlivých fázi výrobního procesu Lignamonu a jejich vzájemných interakcí na výslednou odolnost vůči dřevokazným houbám
Nevrlý, Ondřej
In this work is discussed about material Lignamon, which has been industrially produced in the former Czechoslovakia since the 1970s. The production of this material, mainly from beechwood, combines plasticization with gaseous ammonia, densification of material by hydraulic press and heat stabilization at 180 ° C. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of these processes on the resulting resistance to wood-decaying fungi. Lignamon has a very high resistance to wood-decaying fungi and is classified as very durable according to EN 350 - 1. For each phase of the Lignamon process, samples were produced to best illustrate the changes that take place during the given phase in the wood. In particular, sample sets treated with ammonia gas, densified samples, heat-treated samples, and samples on which a combination of ammonia gas impregnation and thermal modification were performed. The resistance to wood-decaying fungi have been tested according to EN 113, including a set of Lignamon samples. The results of this test were statistically evaluated and it was found that ammonia treatment has the greatest influence on the durability of Lignamon, as well as the heat treatment and not so significantly densification. Individually, however, none of these modifications cause wood resistance to wood-decaying fungi as their combination in the production process of Lignamon.
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Srovnání přirozené trvanlivosti dřeva modřínu opadavého a sibiřského
Nepožitek, Tomáš
The goal of the thesis was to verify the natural durability of the wood of European larch (Larix decidua) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica). The next task was to determine the dependency of decrease in weight on the density of wood, width of tree rings and on the proportion of latewood. The verification of natural durability was done by a laboratory test based on the norm ČSN EN 113. Serpula lacrymans and Poria placenta, both brown rot wood-decay fungi were used to test the durability of the wood. The outcomes of the test were evaluated by the norm ČSN EN 350.Larix deciduaandLarix sibiricawere classified as non-durable and Perishable (classification no. 4 and 5). The degradatory effect of the wood-decay fungi was only proven depending on the density of wood.
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Studium produkce a imobilizace ligninolytických enzymů u dřevokazných hub
Vršanská, Martina
The doctoral thesis deals with the production and immobilization of ligninolytic enzymes produced by wood decay fungi. Part of the results was published in internationally reviewed journals with an impact factor and at conferences. The general point of view, this work has contributed to the development of knowledge in the area of immobilization, namely CLEA immobilization and the use of the immobilized enzyme to degrade organopollutans and toxic synthetic dyes commonly found as waste products of the textile industries. First part of this work examines the screening of suitable white rot fungal strains. In the study, 25 strains of white rot fungi were tested. Different copper concentrations were used as inducer of laccase activity and two different substrates (ABTS, syringaldazine). Trametes versicolor and Fomes fomentarius strains were chosen as the most promising strains for laccase production in liquid media and further testing demonstrated good degradation ability against synthetic dyes and contaminated wastewater. The second part is dedicated to the purification of enzymes (laccase) in two strains (Trametes versicolor, Fomes fomentarius). First, the laccase was precipitated with 75 wt% ammonium sulfate then the glutaraldehyde was used to form cross-linked CLEA enzyme aggregates. The third thematic area concerns the optimization of precipitation and preparation of CLEA immobilized laccase and application of free and immobilized CLEA laccase for the decolorization of synthetic dyes.
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Dřevokazné houby a jejich význam z pohledu údržby okrasných dřevin
Horáková, Markéta
This bachelor work addresses the issue of the expansion of wood-destroying fungi. It describes the theoretical part of this issue, basic composition of wood, feeding methods, description reproduction, spread of infection and general protection. Wooddecaying fungi are officials, attacking live trees, injured and dead. They cause various changes in wood and then decomposition woods. Furthermore, location was chosen, took place mapping injured trees and found species of woos-destroying fungi were determined. Follow up marking to own maps. Also care of trees been described to every species and the possibility of preventing the emergence of the disease.
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Removal of selected xenobiotics at municipal WWTP´s
Žižlavská, Adéla ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
The development of the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and the massive use of synthetic substances in various industries has become indispensable for our society. Unfortunately, this progress has brought a whole new kind of pollution. It is a group of substances which imagine for living organisms’ greater risk than 'normal' organic pollution. Because they have extraneous origin compared with naturally occurring compounds, they are called "Xenobiotics." It is a group comprising a large number of different substances, with dissimilar physical, chemical and biological properties such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, detergents, paints, varnishes, plastic packaging, food additives, cosmetic products, drugs, and many others. Although these substances began to enter the water cycle as early as 30 years of the 20th century, their concentration often moves to the limit of the detection limit, so their presence in the water began to be examined in more detail in the 1980s, following the development of analytical technologies chemical composition of water. The main danger of these substances is that doesn’t primarily effect on water quality, but directly affect on the organisms by confusing of the endocrine system or by directly damaging RNA or DNA, causing mutagenic changes, cancer-causing proliferation, birth defects, metabolic disorders, gender changes, the degeneration of reproductive capacity of entire populations or the disappearance of self-preservation instinct. The source of xenobiotics in the water cycle is predominantly wastewater, which generated through the wastewater treatment, which not designed to eliminate this type of pollution. he dissertation thesis deals with the issue of xenobiotics in wastewater and is divided into the theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part summarizes the xenobiotics current state of knowledge in wastewater from their history, origin, classification, possibilities of elimination to impacts on the environ
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