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Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit
Klimeš, Adam ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lens, Frederic (referee) ; Těšitel, Jakub (referee)
Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit Adam Klimeš, doctoral thesis Abstract Flowering plants (angiosperms), which make up most present-day vegetation, were originally woody. While flowering plants have repeatedly given rise to herbaceous lineages since their first appearance, we lack a clear explanation for these common evolutionary events. Freezing temperatures and drought periods have been proposed as factors which had caused huge success of the younger growth form but the evidence is very limited and not in favour of these hypotheses. In this thesis, we aimed to build the foundations of research on the evolution of herbs. We outlined new potential drivers of the evolution of herbs, suggested solutions to some methodological challenges and provided evidence about differences between herbs and woody plants relevant to the hypotheses on herb evolution. To this end, we used common garden experiments with young plants of both growth forms and global trait data from public databases which we evaluated using phylogenetic comparative techniques. Annuality of aboveground biomass and fast life-strategy of herbs are characteristics which differentiate them from woody plants and which in some conditions are expected to be behind their success. Apart from the...
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The Acitivity of Climbing Units within the Firefighters Rescue squad of Hradec Králové region
Brouček, Miloslav ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: The Acitivity of Climbing Units within the Firefighters Rescue squad of Hradec Králové region Objective: The main objective of this thesis is the description of the intervention and training activities of the Fire Brigade of the Hradec Králové region, concretely climbing groups, inprevious two years. Another aim is to compare their undertaken training activities with the regulatory requirements and demands on members of climbing groups. Methods: Preparation of research based on available materials for the theoretical part. Different statistics prepared by instructors of climbing groups were used for practical part. Last but not least method is the evaluation of interviews with instructors and members of climbing groups. Results: The results which are based on records of individual instructors of climbing groups show that the training activities exceed regulatory prescribed range of training activities. Furthermore the interviews with instructors and members of the climbing group show excellent readiness to deal with emergencies at height and rescue. Keywords: firefighters, climbers Corps, a special group intervention
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Activation of abdominal wall and back muscles during exercise with traction and compression loads
Jordáková, Adela ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Machač, Stanislav (referee)
We used RUSI (rehabilitative ultrasound imaging) for measurement of abdominal and back muscle in different loading modes. Methods: We used diagnostic ultrasonography imaging for taking linear measurement of trunk muscles. We measured anterioposterior (AP) dimensions of lateral abdominal wall muscles- m. OE, m.OI, m.TrA and cross-section area (CSA) of lumbar m. multifidus. We compared two groups of sports-floorball players and sportsman using climbing and hanging (climbers, aerialists). We measured positions with compressive force (kneeling on all four with lifted knees) and with traction load (hang with upper limbs with flexion of lower limbs-with leg support and without). Study is made on 50 volunteers. Results: The pattern of thickness of abdominal muscles is same in all positions in both groups. The lowest is always AP thickness of m. TrA, wider is m. OE and the widest always m. OI. The resting thickness are in both groups almost in all cases the lowest. AP thickness in m. TrA in floorball players is only exception, there is lowest in hang without legs support. In all other case sis resting position always lowest. For m. OE are results same for both climbers and floorball players-the lowest thickness is in hang with legs support (floorball players 0,84 cm, climbers 0,87), greater activationis...
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Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit
Klimeš, Adam ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lens, Frederic (referee) ; Těšitel, Jakub (referee)
Ecological differences between herbs and woody plants, and evolution of the herbaceous habit Adam Klimeš, doctoral thesis Abstract Flowering plants (angiosperms), which make up most present-day vegetation, were originally woody. While flowering plants have repeatedly given rise to herbaceous lineages since their first appearance, we lack a clear explanation for these common evolutionary events. Freezing temperatures and drought periods have been proposed as factors which had caused huge success of the younger growth form but the evidence is very limited and not in favour of these hypotheses. In this thesis, we aimed to build the foundations of research on the evolution of herbs. We outlined new potential drivers of the evolution of herbs, suggested solutions to some methodological challenges and provided evidence about differences between herbs and woody plants relevant to the hypotheses on herb evolution. To this end, we used common garden experiments with young plants of both growth forms and global trait data from public databases which we evaluated using phylogenetic comparative techniques. Annuality of aboveground biomass and fast life-strategy of herbs are characteristics which differentiate them from woody plants and which in some conditions are expected to be behind their success. Apart from the...
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Activation of abdominal wall and back muscles during exercise with traction and compression loads
Jordáková, Adela ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Machač, Stanislav (referee)
We used RUSI (rehabilitative ultrasound imaging) for measurement of abdominal and back muscle in different loading modes. Methods: We used diagnostic ultrasonography imaging for taking linear measurement of trunk muscles. We measured anterioposterior (AP) dimensions of lateral abdominal wall muscles- m. OE, m.OI, m.TrA and cross-section area (CSA) of lumbar m. multifidus. We compared two groups of sports-floorball players and sportsman using climbing and hanging (climbers, aerialists). We measured positions with compressive force (kneeling on all four with lifted knees) and with traction load (hang with upper limbs with flexion of lower limbs-with leg support and without). Study is made on 50 volunteers. Results: The pattern of thickness of abdominal muscles is same in all positions in both groups. The lowest is always AP thickness of m. TrA, wider is m. OE and the widest always m. OI. The resting thickness are in both groups almost in all cases the lowest. AP thickness in m. TrA in floorball players is only exception, there is lowest in hang without legs support. In all other case sis resting position always lowest. For m. OE are results same for both climbers and floorball players-the lowest thickness is in hang with legs support (floorball players 0,84 cm, climbers 0,87), greater activationis...
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The Acitivity of Climbing Units within the Firefighters Rescue squad of Hradec Králové region
Brouček, Miloslav ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title: The Acitivity of Climbing Units within the Firefighters Rescue squad of Hradec Králové region Objective: The main objective of this thesis is the description of the intervention and training activities of the Fire Brigade of the Hradec Králové region, concretely climbing groups, inprevious two years. Another aim is to compare their undertaken training activities with the regulatory requirements and demands on members of climbing groups. Methods: Preparation of research based on available materials for the theoretical part. Different statistics prepared by instructors of climbing groups were used for practical part. Last but not least method is the evaluation of interviews with instructors and members of climbing groups. Results: The results which are based on records of individual instructors of climbing groups show that the training activities exceed regulatory prescribed range of training activities. Furthermore the interviews with instructors and members of the climbing group show excellent readiness to deal with emergencies at height and rescue. Keywords: firefighters, climbers Corps, a special group intervention
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