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Posouzení zdravotního stavu dřevin pro připravované vyhlášení významného krajinného prvku Komárovská alej
Fraňková, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis is focused on inventory and evaluation of the health conditions of the avenue and tree line between the villages of Tis and Janovec near a forgotten settlement of Komárov, which should be declared as a memorable place in the future. The objective of the thesis is to elaborate dendrometric characteristics of the alley trees, the characteristics of natural conditions, the inventory of the tree species; to assess the health conditions with a focus on the occurence of tree species diseases and processing of risk factors. On the basis of the established facts, it proposes possible measures including protective interventions.
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Choroby dřevin a mykoflóra arboreta Křtiny, ŠLP Křtiny
Riedelová, Adéla Julija
The thesis focuses on woody plant diseases and mycoflora of the arboretum Křtiny. In the period from November 2013 to October 2015 a research was made there using methods of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology, citizens association. Macromycetes and fungi were observed and their presence is provable by languishing and phytopathological changes of woody plants. For each species substrate and woody plant were marked. In total 62 fungi species were determined. 13 species of mycorrhizal fungi were identified. The thesis also describes diseases and damages that might be caused by fungi pathogens. Findings of fungi were compared to the inventory research made between 1981 and 1984. Introduced woody plants were assessed from the point of view of connection of selected fungi species and their susceptibility to pathogens. Significance of the arboretum as a source of knowledge development and protection of forest ecosystems was evaluated.
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Monitoring výskytu chorob a škůdců v systémech péče o dřeviny v městském prostředí
Floumová, Veronika
This thesis deals with the issue of the incidence of diseases and pests of woody species growing in urban enviroment. The aim of the literary part is to acquaint the reader with the technical terminology, the division of noxious organisms into categories due to the magnitude of their impact, the description of single abiotic and anthropogenic factors, with the national and international law in the area of plant protection etc. The practical part is based on the results of authors Bachelor thesis. There were assessed about 7 200 trees, on which the presence of biotic factors was observed. The presence of noxious organisms was detected on 14 % of all trees. Almost 4 % of this organisms represented far more serious problems. In case of a functional type of greenery, the most problematic category was transport structure greenery and greenery with protective and insulating fiction. The research confirmed that the trees which are more weakened by abiotic factors are more often attacked by pathogens and pests damaging their leafs and needles. Based on the results, measures have been proposed to improve the current state of care management of public greenery. Also the methodology of assessement and evidence of diseases and pests incidence of woody species growing in the city was devised. This methodology should serve as a system instrument in the area of care about the public greenery.
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Choroby a škůdci dřevin v městském prostředí
Floumová, Veronika
The thesis deals with issue of biotic factors causing a damage to trees in urban enviroment. The aim of the thesis is to acquaint a reader with terminology and partition of biotic factors. In relation to this topic single abiotic factors which negatively affect the vitality of woody species were described. In practical part a method of assessment affected subjects were made. In this method the intensity of chosen factors is studied and the detected organism is described. There were 8 189 woody species studied. 1 151 subjects were infected by biotic factors. These results were written to tables, to which the map was made. The asset of this thesis is evaluation of tree's health condition in the districts Brno-střed and Brno-Žabovřesky. Thanks to these analysis it is possible to derive a consequential care and potential interventions leading to protection of these woody species.
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Vnitrodruhová struktura Phytopthora alni Brasier et S. A. Kirk na území ČR
Černý, Karel
The work is aimed to study of morphological variability of Phytophthora alni complex in the area of the Czech Republic with use of numerical phenetics. The morphological analysis of 29 Phytophthora alni strains acquired from the area of the pathogen in the Czech Republic was carried out. In total there were studied 50 cultural and morphological characteristics: 14 cultural characteristics, 16 characteristics describing asexual and 20 characteristics describing sexual structures. The all morphological measurements were repeated twenty times at magnification 1600× with use of Olympus BH-2 microscope, Olympus E-510 camera and Quick Photocamera 2.3 measuring software. The data were processed in Statistica 8.0 in modules of non-parametric statistics, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, analysis of principal components and discriminant analysis. In the area there was confirmed the presence of the two taxa belonging to the P. alni complex: Phytophthora alni subsp. alni (Paa) a Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis (Pau). The third taxon (P. alni subsp. multiformis) was not found. The nominate subspecies Paa prevailed - more than 4/5 of studied isolates belonged to this taxon. The classification of isolates was in full agreement with molecular study of identical set of isolates which was parallely performed (Štěpánková et al. 2013). The morphological analysis showed, that majority of Czech isolates of P. alni complex can be successfully determined on the basis of standard morphological characters -- oogonial wall ornamentation, antheridial length, rate of aborted oogonia etc. Ca 10 % of isolates were found to be intermediate. All studied isolates were divided with series of cluster and PCA analysis in two relevant clusters and a discriminant function dividing the isolates in the two taxa on basis of morphological characters was generated and validated. The rate of standard oogonia, high of oogonial ornamentation, rate of two-celled antheridia with central septum and antheridial length were used as discriminators. The two different Paa morphotypes were found in the area of the Czech Republic. The discriminant function dividing the Paa isolates in these two morphotypes was also constructed and tested. The discriminators were oogonia diameter, high of oogonial ornamentation and width of antheridium. The most reliable character was the antheridial width: the north-western morphotype has antheridia wider by 3 micrometres than the south-eastern one. The Paa taxon was continuously distributed in the western part of the area, its frequency diminshes eastward. The distribution of the second taxon - Pau - was scattered and insular, but it was found out in the whole area of the Czech Republic. It could be supposed, that the parental taxon Pau had spread before Paa invasion in the area. Later the new and more combative Paa replaced the older weakly pathogenic Pau. The recent area of Pau is apparently insular and probably relict. The two Paa morphotypes importantly differ in their distribution - the first morphotype is more frequent in north-western part of the area (and predominates in western, central and northern Bohemia) while the second one is frequent in the south-eastern part (southern Bohemia and Moravia). Likely, these two subpopulations can represent the remains of colonisation waves of two allopatric Paa lineages. The lineages can originated by repeated independent hybridisation between parental Pau and Pam taxa somewhere in western or central Europe.
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