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Cytokines and chemokines, their role in the infections with helminths.
Majer, Martin ; Panská, Lucie (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Parasitic helminths belong to extracellular pathogens of mammals, including human. Immunologic response depends on their migration and site of dwelling within host body. The response is among other affected by cytokines and chemokines. These small proteins are responsible for appropriate proliferation and migration of other components of immune system. These bachelor thesis summarizes current knowledge about their role during helminth infection in mammals.
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Study of the effect of immunological sdjuvants on experimental treatment of HPV-induced tumors by recombinant VACV and DNA vaccines
Gabriel, Pavel ; Němečková, Šárka (advisor) ; Mělková, Zora (referee) ; Reiniš, Milan (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The success of cancer vaccines depends on factors associated with the vaccine, which define the main parameters of effective immune responses such as its size and quality, as well as on factors related with the host, represented by the immunosuppressive mechanisms that allow the tumor to escape recognition by the immune system or negatively influence the function of effector T-cells. Attenuated, non-replicating viruses are at present preferred as VACV for safety reasons. A problem may arise concerning their lack of immunogenicity. Through the deletions of non-essential genes, vaccination vectors are therefore developed based on attenuated rVACV capable of replication, which induce a strong immune response. Genes of various immunological adjuvants (e.g., genes for cytokines and costimulatory molecules) are inserted into the vectors for the purpose of eliminating the influence of the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumors. The first part of the work describes our study of the influence of vCCI on biological properties of rVACV derived from the Prague strain. Testing of vCCI deletion and insertion mutants expressing tumor associated protein HPV16 E7 has shown that secreted vCCI attenuated the virus in vivo, which correlated with reduced levels of the corresponding CC chemokines in the blood compared...
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Chemokines of epithelial cells in bronchial asthma
Volfová, Dominika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Asthma is an allergic disease caused by adverse reactions to harmless antigens (allergens) and is characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells and neutrophils into the tissue site of inflammation, to the lungs. This accumulation of leukocytes is mediated by the generation of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines). Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins, functioning by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. Binding of chemokines and their receptors is highly promiscuous and subsequent activation of effector cells is very heterogeneous, which can often complicate research in this area. However, chemokines and their receptors are important potential therapeutic targets in allergic diseases including asthma, mainly because of their central role in cell activation and inflammation. Chemokines are secreted by cells of the immune system and cells of various tissues of the body. Recently, attention turns to the role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by antigens produce cytokines and defense molecules used for the amplification of inflammatory processes and regulate the aktivity of effector cells. Impaired cytokine regulation may lead to the development of various lung diseases including asthma. This work...
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