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The Use of Recycled Building Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constantly tightening wastewater treatment legislation require high-quality runoff from small-scale producers of pollution who are typically represented by small municipalities up to 500 inhabitants or decentralized parts of larger municipalities. Small municipalities are faced with high investment-intensity associated with the acquisition of new wastewater treatment plant. After several years of development, today natural technologies of wastewater treatment are in competition with mechanical-biological treatment plants. Natural technologies can even achieve better results than popular biological treatment plants. However, natural technology does not eliminate the main investment limit connected with the acquisition of wastewater treatment plant. If there was cheaper solution connected with using alternative filter materials (in our case recycled construction and demolition waste), small municipalities could take constructed wetland without large subsides. At the same time, the use of recycled construction and demolition wastes will lead to benefits in the field of sustainable urban development and replacement of non-renewable materials. Despite these benefits, recycled aggregates have never been considered as alternative filter materials for natural wastewater treatment plants. For that reason, the aim of diploma thesis is to assess the possibility of applying recycled aggregates for wastewater treatment which will include evaluation of real trial operation.
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Water Treatment Efficiency Using Membrane Filtration
Zelinová, Kristína ; Kolesíková, Lucie (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
In the first part of this thesis, current requirements for drinking water according to the legislation valid in the territory of Czech Republic and Slovak Republic are summarized. Also the changes that will come with implementation of the directive 2020/2184 of the European parliament are mentioned. Following those future changes, the importance of new technologies for water treatment comes to light. Among those technologies belong membrane processes. The rest of the thesis is dedicated to them. At first, current knowledge of their operation principles and categories, to which they can be divided into are reviewed. Then, the processes related to their maintenance are approached. Mentioned are few specific water treatment plants in Czechia and Slovakia, where membrane processes were already applied. The scientific part of this thesis consists of series of tests, executed on an ultrafiltration unit, in laboratory conditions. Including optimalization of the filtration process, as well as observation of the pollutants removal efficiency from surface water. Towards the end of the thesis, recorded values are evaluated.
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Comparison of chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon for the determination of organic carbon content in water
Tobolková, Eva ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Novotná, Kateřina (referee)
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) are determinations that are used to summarize the organic pollution of waters. However, these determinations do not provide the same information about the content of organic substances in waters. COD is an oxidation method and different substances react differently to this determination. TOC is more accurate as an indicator of organic pollution. Therefore, their ratio will be different for waters with different compositions. This work focuses on evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of determining COD and TOC and comparing their ratios in waters with different compositions. The goal of the work was also to determine whether it is appropriate to introduce coefficients for converting COD and TOC for different types of water. Based on the literature search, it was found that the determination of TOC provides more accurate information on the content of organic pollution in all types of water. The determination of COD by the dichromate method is important for wastewater, mainly due to the estimation of the proportion of degradable pollution. The COD/TOC ratio for municipal waters is relatively stable due to their similar composition, and the determination of the conversion coefficient is possible. This does not apply to industrial...
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The Use of Recycled Building Materials for Wastewater Treatment
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The constantly tightening wastewater treatment legislation require high-quality runoff from small-scale producers of pollution who are typically represented by small municipalities up to 500 inhabitants or decentralized parts of larger municipalities. Small municipalities are faced with high investment-intensity associated with the acquisition of new wastewater treatment plant. After several years of development, today natural technologies of wastewater treatment are in competition with mechanical-biological treatment plants. Natural technologies can even achieve better results than popular biological treatment plants. However, natural technology does not eliminate the main investment limit connected with the acquisition of wastewater treatment plant. If there was cheaper solution connected with using alternative filter materials (in our case recycled construction and demolition waste), small municipalities could take constructed wetland without large subsides. At the same time, the use of recycled construction and demolition wastes will lead to benefits in the field of sustainable urban development and replacement of non-renewable materials. Despite these benefits, recycled aggregates have never been considered as alternative filter materials for natural wastewater treatment plants. For that reason, the aim of diploma thesis is to assess the possibility of applying recycled aggregates for wastewater treatment which will include evaluation of real trial operation.
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The use of the reactor with sludge cloud and external biomass separator for methane production from the substrate for BPS Chotýčany, processed by IFBB technology (Integrated Generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass)
BROŽEK, Jiří
There were two points of research in this graduation work. The first was IFBB technology (Integrated generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass) used for preparation of the substrate for fermentation. The second point was to test reactor with sludge cloud (completed with external biomass separator). This reactor was filled by substrate (prepared by IFBB technology) from agricultural biogas energy plant located in Chotýčany. After IFBB preparation substrate was filled in laboratory reactor´s group. Then it was inoculated by digestate. Digestate is a substance, which is in the end of fermentation process. That substance was first taken in biogas station Chotýčany, then, for comparsion, from station Věžovatá Pláně. Results are that IFBB technology is good for substrate preparation and folowing fermentation is better. Reactor with sludge cloud is good for intensive fermentation. Efficiency of the reactor was measured by CHSKCr. The best fermentation was found after using inoculum from Věžovatá Pláně. The best temperature for fermentation was 50 degree Celsius for both inoculums.
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