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Bee trypanosomatids and their interactions with pollutants
Pařízková, Kamila ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Krejčí Bruce, Alena (referee)
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are highly valued worldwide for their products, but also as pollinators of crops and wild plants. Due to the close proximity of bees in the beehive and their foraging habits, a large number of pathogens that weaken the bee colonies are spread both inside and between colonies. In recent decades, high annual losses of bees have been recorded, which still do not have a clear explanation. The sudden loss of bees (known as colony collapse disorder) is likely due to the interaction of multiple factors at once. A large part of the problem is attributed to viral diseases and some parasitic organisms; parasites of the Trypanosomatida group play an uncertain role. A member of this group, Crithidia bombi, is considered a problematic inhabitant of the digestive tract of bumblebees, which can cause serious complications. Close relatives, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim, parasites of honeybees, are sometimes associated with their higher mortality. Pesticides, whose effects can be very toxic, have also come to the forefront in assessing bee losses, and most pesticides have therefore been banned in the EU. This thesis examines the prevalence, infection development, and host specificity of monoxenous trypanosomatids in bees and their pesticide interactions. A total of 26 species of...
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Úbytek opylovačů v krajině
Pokorná, Anna
The bachelor thesis is focused on the decrease of pollinator insects in the landscape. The majority of the thesis is dedicated to the bees. The thesis is focused on the decrease of pollinating insects both within the global and local context in the Czech Republic. Literary research examines the causes and effects of the decrease but also the steps to undertake within the protection, recommendations, measures and different approach towards pollinator insects. The research itself is defined by the location Brno-venkov and the whole research is dedicated only to the bees. The research is carried out by the method of semi-structured interviews with beekeepers. The interviews examine the subjective view of the issue and also whether the beekeepers themselves registered the decline of their hives and how they approached it. The research shows that beekeepers themselves do not observe a decrease in the long run, on the contrary, there has been an increase in the number of hives. However, the decrease of pollinators insects, in general, was observed by several respondents, most of them were species of bumblebees and butterflies. Several beekeepers mentioned poor or insufficient cooperation with farmers, agricultural chemistry and a ruthless approach to the environment.
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