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Stanovištní charakteristika nosatcovitých v bukových a smrkových ekosystémech Moravskoslezských Beskyd
Hrabovský, Karel
Title of the diploma´s thesis: Habitat characteristics weevils in beech and spruce forest ecosystems Moravian-Silesian Beskydy In forest ecosystems Moravskoslezské Beskydy was conducted from 2007 to 2015 collection epigeic fauna using ground traps. Trapping took place at 6-week inter-vals from May to October. Family (Curculionidae) was evaluated in beech spruce stands using faunistic index in relation to the basic typological units which are forest vegetation zones (LVS), edaphic category (EK), forest type (SLT) and ecotope conditions such as soil type, soil chemistry, humus form and composition of the herb layer. Incidence was compared of Curculionidae in selected nature reserves in silviculture stands. Total were captured 26,743 individuals of Curculionidae amount of 52 species. Eudominant species are Otiorhynchus carinatopunctatus, Plinthus tischeri, Otiorhynchus tenebricosus, Rhinomias forticornis and Strophosoma melanogrammum. In Beskydy they were captured rare species Barynotus moerens and Barypeithes mollicomus. It was found continuity of some species of Curculionidae on forest vegetation zones (LVS), edaphic categories (EK) and continuity some species of Curcilionidae on soil attribute.
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Geobiocenózy přírodní rezervace Bayerova po 35 letech - srovnávací studie
Žalmanová, Kateřina
The aim of this work is to evaluate the vegetation changes that have taken place in Bayerova Nature Reserve over the last 35 years. 14 phytosociological plots and 2 transects were renewed for this purpose. These were originally established by Koutecký in 1982. Data were collected according to the original methodology. Vegetation changes have been determined based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and fidelity rates. European beech has expanded to the detriment of other trees, especially Norway spruce and Sessile oak. Individuals of these species died as a result of their deteriorating conditions. Additionally, there was no evidence of their regeneration. Most plots are now moister and more nutritious. As a result, more nutrient-demanding species appeared in the plots. Number of light-demanding and heat-tolerant species has decreased. The results also showed homogenization. A similar trend is observed in other Central European countries
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Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosuregame-park
Ambrož, Robin ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Igor, Igor (referee)
Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure -- this is a problem that generations of foresters in the Křivoklátsko region have been faced with. The restoration has often been postponed; as a result, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of such stands in the game enclosure. Currently, almost a third of the game enclosure is covered by stands, predominantly beech, older than 160 years, and the suggestions on how to restore these stands are by no means unified, not only within the framework of the relevant authorities, but also among the management of the Lány forestry administration. In the past, the disintegration of stands in the highest age class was dealt with by a massive planting of large-sized plants in the whole area of the game enclosure, which has brought and will continue to bring about a remarkable increase in the forest protection costs. The aim of this PhD thesis is to answer the questions concerning the restoration of the local beech stands and to propose a solution that would be efficient in the long term. The basic questions have been phrased as follows: In what condition are the extensive large-sized plant plantings? What is the number of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure and what will their future development be? Are these stands still capable of producing a sufficient number of beech seeds to ensure successful natural regeneration? In what way should we restore these overmature forest stands? How should we protect them from the game damage? It was necessary to find some of the answers within the framework of intermediate scientific tasks; however, the finding of a conceptual solution to the restoration of the game enclosure remained the main goal of this work. To fulfil the goals of this thesis, it was necessary to perform the inventory of large-sized plant plots; it was found out that the total number of individuals planted in the Lány game enclosure until the end of 2011 was 28,994 at 840 plots. The plantings established in 2011 were surveyed as to their vitality and height increment between the years 2011 and 2014. In 2015, a sample was selected on which the condition of the root system was analysed according to the type of a container used for the raising of large-sized plants. It is evident from the results that despite considerable investment in fencing, the large-sized plant plantings are very often damaged by game and have to be repeatedly reinforced. The root system analysis revealed that a significant number of individuals show serious root system deformations. Consequently, the optimization of large-sized plant planting was proposed. The condition of the beech stands at PRP was ascertained with the aid of the FieldMap technology; the stand development prediction was carried out by the growth simulator SIBYLA. The verification of the fertility of the overmature beech stands took place at smaller plots demarcated within PRP. The results show that the occurrence of game eliminates natural regeneration in these stands; thus, it is necessary to find a way which will not be only efficient, but also economical. The fertility verification proved that despite their advanced age, the beech stands preserve their ability to produce seed material, which could be used for regeneration under a shelterwood. Finally, a model regeneration block presenting two possible reproduction methods (with maximum utilization of natural regeneration and accelerated one) was designed on the basis of both the differentiation of the game enclosure and the localization of stands with the highest degree of regeneration urgency.
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Structure and development of autochthonous beech stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Hofman, Jakub ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
This thesis deals with structure and natural regeneration of acidophylic mountain beech forest stand in the western part of the Giant Mountains.
Within the measurement of data for my thesis, I established four new permanent research plots in western part of Giant Mountains at LHC Harrachov, specifically it were plots: Dvoračky 1, Dvoračky 2, Dvoračky 3 and Dvoračky 4. Each of these permanent research plots was with dimensions 50 × 50 m (2500 m2). On each plot I measured all individuals with the diameter breast-height d1,3>12cm. For each individual were measured diameter breast-height, hight, hight of crown baze, crown projection and I numbered the trees. For each of the individuals I also measured coordinates X and Y (X along to fall line, Y on the contour line) to record their layout on the plot. Afterwards I marked out a transect with dimensions 5 × 50 m (250 m2) on the plot, in which I recorded all present viable individuals with the diameter breast-height up to 12 cm. I found out their coordinates X and Y, height and the width of the crown. For evaluation of the height-structure I divided the nature regeneration into the height classes. I also conducted on the permanent research plots pedologic and dednrochronological research. Within pedological research in each plot I dug soil pits and took samples from all soil horizons. The measured data were subsequently processed by the help of mathematical-statistical methods and pedological samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the research institute.
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Vliv stanovištních podmínek na faunu střevlíkovitých ve smrkových a bukových porostech Beskyd
Rolinc, Petr
In beech and spruce stands in the LS Ostravice in Moravia Silesian Beskydy was realized monitoring of epigeic invertebrates by pitfall traps method. Carabid beetles (Carabidae) were classified as bioindicator group in terms of representation in spruce and beech stands with regard to main typopologic kategories like as forest altitudinal vegetation groups (LVS), edaphic categories (EK) and files of forest types (SLT). Ground beetles communities were evaluated in economic forests and nature reserves. Collecting of ground beetles was realized in period 2007 -- 2014 in the spring, summer, late summer and autumn aspect. In the entire period were captured 67 483 individuals of ground beetles belonged to 77 species. In interest area was confirmed the occurrence of legally protected species and species Natura 2000 (Carabus variolosus Sturm). Another protected and heavilly endagered species was Carabus obsoletus Sturm. Carabus linnei, Pterostichus burmeisteri and Pterostichus foveolatus were eudominant species. The dominant species were represented Abax ovalis, Carabus glabratus and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. There was proved a relation between carabid beetles and main typologic categories (LVS, EK and SLT). Several species were discovered diference between spruce and beech stands and so between nature reserves and economic forests.
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