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Moderní odrůdový sortiment broskvoně obecné a možnosti uplatnění v pěstitelské praxi
Grund, Martin
The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to theoretically study floricultural and pomological features of peach. The peach’s traditional cultivars used in Czech orchards and modern cultivars, which might enrich our range, were examined. In the experimental part of this thesis the dates of beginning and full flowering, flowering richness, and the shape of flower were observed in 10 cultivars in gene pool in Horticultural faculty in Lednice. The observing ran through the years 2020 and 2021, and every time there were chosen 3 trees from each cultivar which were evaluated and from which the average value was calculated. The gained values from both years were then compared.
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Hodnocení vybraných znaků perspektivních odrůd broskvoní
Horsáková, Jana
Dissertation work deals with the evaluation of the selected characters of promising peach varieties grown in the genepool collection and pilot testing block. The evaluation took place between year 2011 to 2013. The work can be divided into three thematical units. The first part deals with the health condition, specifically monitoring of the occurrence of European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma (ESFY) and the plum pox virus (PPV). The second part focuses on the physiological events occurring in flower buds (dormancy, microsporogenesis, frost resistance) and the third unit deals with pomological characteristics of varieties and the economic evaluation of varieties which are already introduced in the commercial cultivation. In the literature section the origin and the spread, world production of peaches and the current situation in the Czech Republic are descibed and a chapter about peach breeding is included as well. Further, chapters characterizing dormancy, microsporogenesis and frost hardiness are described in the work. Literature section also includes content substances and health-promoting substances in peach fruit. The last chapter describes the diseases causing economically significant losses in peaches. In the experimental part the incidence and symptoms of phytoplasma ESFY and synergism between PPV and ESFY was evaluated. The effect of the PPV infection on content of the total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of fruits was investigated. Further, the termination of dormancy, microsporogenesis and frost resistance of flower buds was evaluated. Significant part of work was the pomological evaluation of selected varieties from genepool collection and evaluation of varieties in pilot testing block conditions. The results show that in peach orchards trees infected by phytoplasma ESFY show various symptoms of the disease which depend on host genotype. Synergism between Plum pox virus (PPV) and European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma (ESFY) has not been confirmed. PPV infection results in increased amount of the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols in peach fruits.Varieties can be divided into 3 groups by the term of termination of endogenous dormancy, paticulary, varieties with early termination, varieties with medium termination and varieties with late termination of dormancy. Evaluated varieties differ, either, in duration and date of occurence of phases of microsporogenesis. The process of dormancy and microsporogenesis of individual varieties is different and is influenced by the weather conditions of the year. There are differences in frost resistance between peach varieties. The highest degree of frost hardiness was set by the 'Lesiberian'. Studied peach varieties show differences in pomological, biological and economic characters. From the evaluated group of varieties the promising are 'Venus', 'Fantasia', 'Fidelia', 'Neve' and 'W 14', where the highest assessment had the variety 'Venus'. Based on evaluation of peach varieties grown in commercial orchards the best variety was 'Symphonie', which achieved consistently high yields and is characterized by good health. 'Fidelia' and 'Orion' were chosen as a mediumly suitable varieties for commercial orchards.
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Hodnocení vzájemného synergismu fytoplazmy ESFY a viru šarky švestky (PPV) u meruněk a broskvoní
Vašková, Barbora
The synergism of Candidatus phytoplasmy prunorum and Plum Pox viru was investigated in this study. Both diseases are globally widespread and extremely dangerous. The only existing protection is prevention. European Stone Fruit Yellows is caused by Candidathus Phytoplasma Prunorum. Candidathus Phytoplasma Prunorum is microorganism without a cell wall that belongs to group Tenericutes and class Mollicutes. Sharka disease is caused by Plum Pox virus. Plum Pox virus is microorganism that belongs to group Potyviridae class Potyvirus. In 2014 a long-term experiment was founded by Mendel University in MENDELEUM in Lednice. Possible synergic effect between European Stone Fruit Yellows and Sharka disease was researched in this experiment. The experiment is based on observation of plants with double inoculation (PPV and ESFY). Symptoms were observed every two weeks and put in to a table. As it is a long-term experiment only partial results were reached
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Současná úroveň poznání genomu druhu Prunus persica (L.) Baatsch.
Chaloupský, Pavel
Presented paper summarizes the status of knowledge on the peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch.) genome. Peach belongs to the Rosaceae family. This species is, along with other important crops, encompassed by Prunus genus. Peach is one of the least hardy fruit species. Despite that, it is widely cultivated in the temperate zone and has indisputable economic importance. Because of its importance and suitable properties, peach is genetically well characterized. Methods of molecular genetics have played a considerable role on the current state of knowledge on the peach genomics. Modern molecular methods may be utilized in order to identify and localize specific DNA sequences -- markers. Molecular markers are widely used for DNA fingerprinting, genome mapping, development of improved varieties and other applications.
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Možnosti ovlivnění násady plodů broskvoní řezem
Hurtajová, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis deals with the styles and the methodology of affecting fruit set for peach by incision. It explores the various ways of cut and its influence to the quality and quantity of fruits. It shows the ways of cut by individual types with the least possible interventions into the lives of the tree, depending on the choice of the variety in different climatic conditions. The quality nor quantity of fruits can not be affected just by incision, that's why this work also deals with fruit thinning since it is an integral part of the cultivation to achieve high quality of peach harvest.
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