|
|
The importance of CSR in direct selling
Zoulová, Sabina ; Křečková Kroupová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mokrejšová, Veronika (referee)
The work deals with the importance of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in direct selling. The theoretical part characterises direct selling as a whole. It focuses on multilevel marketing, which is the most frequently used form of direct selling. Next it mentions characteristic features that help us disclose illegal systems. These systems just pose as multilevel marketing. This part also comprises statistics that provide an overview of the position of direct selling in the market. In large part it deals with consumer protection. To a certain extent, consumer protection might be guaranteed through CSR, the Code of ethics and a company's memberhip in direct selling associations. The practical part includes a case study. The subject of the study is the largest direct selling company -- Avon Product. The main goal of the work is to prove/disprove following hypothesisses: "While doing the shopping, customers give priority to other factors rather than CSR" and "While looking for a job, people (distributors) give priority to other factors rather than CSR". The hypothesisses will be evaluated on the basis of questionnaire survey, which has a quantitative and qualitative part.
|
|
|
Radiotherapy of breast cancer
TRAKALOVÁ, Barbora
Diagnosis code C50 represents malignant neoplasm of breast. It is the most frequent tumour disease in women. In 2009, 5975 cases were newly diagnosed in women in the Czech Republic and 1607 women died of this disease. There exist many risk factors which can cause tumour such as hereditary disposition, age, menses, menopause and other factors. At the same time, we can influence many factors and so prevent the disease. Prevention is also important, whether in the form of self - investigation of breast or mammography screening, which is recoverable by insurance from the age of 45. Treatment of breast carcinoma includes a lot of medical modalities such as surgical, hormonal and biological treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This thesis deals in more details with radiotherapy which is irreplaceable in treatment of this disease. Radiotherapy is a treatment of malignant and benign tumours by means of ionising radiation. In order to treat patients with radiotherapy, a team of doctors and radiologists shall create an individual radiation plan for them including the exact target volume, critical organs, radiation technology, fractionation and particular radiation exposure, radiation position and many other data necessary to accurate irradiation. A technology of two tangential fields is the most applied technology at breast cancer treatment. This technology is also applied in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. where I have created a file of 60 patients with breast carcinoma treated on oncology department in the year 2011. There have been used 536 verification images on the whole, it means 1608 evaluation. In course of treatment a patient should have an identical radiation position, which is reached with irradiation and fixation aids. However, from various reasons small or bigger deviations from the optimal position happen and therefore a possibility of irradiation of another volume than the required target one can occur. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that during a treatment of oncology patients there can often appear change of weight, change of body shape of a patient and at advanced stages even also change of physical state and movability of a patient. Therefore large deviations can happen in patients with breast carcinoma namely for example in case of breast deformation or abnormal loss of weight due to the treatment. In Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., the maximum allowed deviation for vertical, lateral and longitudinal axis is stated 0,7 cm and for rotation 3°. I have noticed the acquired deviation values from verification images into a chart and consequently into a figure where are shown the average deviations and frequencies of these deviation in particular axes for each radiation field. The biggest deviation has happened in vertical axis and the average deviation in that axis was 0,29 cm. The maximum allowed deviation was exceeded only at 3 %, so at 45 deviation from the total evaluation. This thesis should prove the fact that verification images enable to prevent possible errors during radiotherapy. This hypothesis has been confirmed because only 3 % evaluation exceeded the maximum allowed deviations. Verification images enable us to disclose wrong irradiation position, therefore only the target volume is irradiated and follows no irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissue and critical organs.
|
|
|
Relationship of breastfeeding and the incidence of breast CA
HALUZOVÁ, Jaroslava
The object of this study was to find out, what the by breast cancer affected women know about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they were breast-feeding and whether they know the risk factors of the forming of this sickness. The further object was to find out which knowledge the puerperas have about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they plan to breast-feed and when, from who and which information they obtain about the breast-feeding. On the basis of dialogues was found out that the women with breast cancer know very little about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. Most of them never obtained information from anybody, only some of them heard or read about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. The relationship between the breast-feeding and cancer occurrence was approved, as only one of the women breast fed for more than a year. There is a minimal knowledge of women about the risk factors. Generally, they showed three risk factors which means that the knowledge is deficient and that the education in field of precaution is necessary. In the second part of the research it was found out that the education about breast-feeding is insufficient in the maternity hospital. The hospital nurses provide information about the breast-feeding technique and the care about breasts only. The women obtained information about the protective effect of the breast-feeding at the antenatal courses, some of them from web sites or print media. The puerperas plan to breast-feed for 11.5 months on an average which shows a very positive attitude to the breast-feeding of the children.
|
|
|
Imaging in the diagnosis of mammary gland
RADOVÁ, Kateřina
My bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the disease of the mammary gland. Breast cancer is among the most frequent malignant neoplasm affecting mainly women. It need not be each time a carcinoma, also benign lesions are possible and may occur. The target of my thesis is the analysis and comparison of displaying methods used during the breast diagnostics in radiology and their analysis from the viewpoint of the task of the radiological assistant. I suppose that the mammography has an un-replaceable role in the diagnostics of mammary gland making high demands especially on the preciseness of the work of the radiological assistant. For the purpose of diagnosis specification also a sono-graphic examination of breast is applied quite often, including biopsy performance. The more and more frequently used method of breast examination, magnetic resonance, is the technically most demanding method for the radiological assistant. The base of my thesis was the spectrum of displaying methods used at the Radiological Ward of the Hospital of Písek and work with the complex of patients examined at this ward, where I have been working as a general nurse so far. I compare and process statistically individual methods. The result of my thesis is confirming the hypothesis that in mammo-diagnostics, the main and hitherto not replaceable role has the mammography which is, in most cases, the first method showing the pathological changes in the breast tissue. The mammo-graphic examination is supplemented in some cases by the examination of the breast by the ultrasound, including the bioptical examination. Thanks to the quick technical development of the medical equipment, the pathological finding in the breast is, more and more frequently clarified also by the method of the magnetic resonance. By elaborating my thesis I made up the survey of possibilities of displaying technology and I specified the role of the radiological assistant in mammo-diagnostics. The experience acquired with a specific group of women with the disease of the mammary gland may be applied practically also at other workplaces dealing with the same problem.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Compare the Cost of Breast Cancer Treatment with Conventional and Biological Methods
Falisová, Katarína ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jankůj, Miroslav (referee)
The cancer treatment is, thanks to new technologies, very expensive, nowadays. According to demographic data and analysis the Czech population is aging, and it is highly probable that these costs will rise even more. Therefore it is necessary to look through pharmacoeconomic analyzes to find optimal solutions of treatment. The goal of this thesis is to clarify the concept of pharmacoeconomics, cancer and breast cancer. Through the use of demographic data the aim is to assess the status of cancer patients in the future, determine the amount of expenditures for the treatment of breast cancer I have used a model patient, suffering this disease, determine the amount and cost of the conventional and biological method of treatment.
|
|
| |
|
|
The change in quality of life with women diagnosed breast cancer
HOLANOVÁ, Gabriela
Professional treatises and articles in commercial media having breast carcinoma in the heading characterize it mostly as an epidemiologically serious phenomenon. This fact cannot be doubted regarding to occurrence of this carcinoma disorder of women (in minimal cases of men). At present the patients become co-coordinators of the treatment in far bigger rate than they used to. Studies and practical experience in this context show that only quantitative aspects of life like the length are not the determined ones for the patient, but more and more patients prefer quality of the survival. Traditional medicine under the pressure of such findings tends to modify treatment procedures in relation with keeping certain quality of life of oncological patients. That is the reason why traditional medicine in the objectives of psychooncology specialization maps the rate of such level, searches preferences of the patients in context of type of the carcinoma, the stage of the disease, individual emotional attitudes etc. Psychooncology becomes an equal partner to radiology, surgery, pathology, oncology and psychology itself in terms of help patients. The possibility to provide psychooncological investigation in the centre of diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma of women Mamografie Nemocnice Písek a.s. and to process the data by the form of diploma work seemed purposeful in this case. In the theoretical part initial conditions of breast carcinoma by traditional medicine were defined {--} diagnosis, cure and consecutive treatment. Common emotional maps while facing cancer diagnosis were defined. Methods of determination quality of life of patients in historical and contemporary trends were mentioned. The selected methodology was described by the form of partially anonymous questionnaires and investigative file of 128 women was characterized. The aim of this work was to search the women with diagnosis of breast carcinoma and development of their partnerships, relationships in extended family, inter - personal relationships at work and to compare quantifiable parameters with the time before setting the diagnosis. Mapping somatic (tiredness, pain, insomnia, digestive problems) and psychosomatic factors determining quality of life of sick women was the major axis of searching and investigation. These aims were applied to defined hypotheses which dealt with goals mentioned in the context of contemporary state of comprehension to help people with oncological diagnosis: breast carcinoma is not only serious somatic problem but also psychosocial issue although psychooncology is not the specialization systematically incorporated into the complex oncological solution of patients at the moment. Dates result in the fact that the factors which contribute most to the quality of life concerning to somatic influences are negatively felt tiredness followed by pain afterwards. The dominant psychical influences include depression, anxiety and insomnia. In psychosocial sphere social support is unambiguously dominantly important for quality of life and according to the literature it can contribute even to the length of survival. Following the data, lucid absence of psychooncological help in early stages after detected disorder and during contingent recovery seemed insufficient. The diploma work was not purposeless. There was a deep interest and support of all medical staff of the mammography centre. If we succeed to include psychooncological intervention into a set of conditions asserted in the horizon of treatment of breast cancer, then the data will daily contribute to help of sick women. By generalization it is possible to outline the way in understanding the complex treatment and solving further oncological diagnoses and procedures.
|
|
|
The psychosocial aspects of breast cancer in women
PRSKAVCOVÁ, Hana
The bachelor work consists of theoretical part and part of research. The work brings closer the main idea of the work, the holism. It also deals with theoretical base of brest cancer in its connections of medicine and psychology. It identifies the problem of social functioning and the life situation with help of description of changes in social relations. At the end it brings to mind practical aspects of the problem. In the research the work deals with change in social functioning by women, this is valorized on the base of qualitative research, realized with talk with direction. At the very end the work follow up the results of research, but also reserve of the research and remarks to theoretical part of work.
|
guest ::
