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Problem of sepsis in the intensive care unit
Škrabánková, Hana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine the microbial colonization at the injection site of central venous catheter and its possible influence to maintain the lowest incidence of catheter sepsis. The culture results of skin swabs and taken blood cultures from two groups of patients were compared with each other using qualitative analysis methods. Those were Intensive Care Unit patients with established central venous catheter. The result was the discovery of microbial colonization of the skin and the representation of different pathogenic strains at the site of a central venous catheter for both established groups. Further showed that the higher the risk of microbial colonization with symptoms of catheter sepsis was seen where patients have central venous catheter established for longer period of time and have been treated under home parental nutrition program with stoma. The recommendation is the continuous education of health professionals to act in accordance with the latest preventive treatment recommendations, and the emphasis is mainly placed on hands cleaning and disinfecting as the hands of health professionals are one of the most common and risky way of transmission of pathogenic strains with potential nosocomial infection formation. Aseptic principles must be repeatedly communicated to all...
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Problem of sepsis in the intensive care unit
Škrabánková, Hana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine the microbial colonization at the injection site of central venous catheter and its possible influence to maintain the lowest incidence of catheter sepsis. The culture results of skin swabs and taken blood cultures from two groups of patients were compared with each other using qualitative analysis methods. Those were Intensive Care Unit patients with established central venous catheter. The result was the discovery of microbial colonization of the skin and the representation of different pathogenic strains at the site of a central venous catheter for both established groups. Further showed that the higher the risk of microbial colonization with symptoms of catheter sepsis was seen where patients have central venous catheter established for longer period of time and have been treated under home parental nutrition program with stoma. The recommendation is the continuous education of health professionals to act in accordance with the latest preventive treatment recommendations, and the emphasis is mainly placed on hands cleaning and disinfecting as the hands of health professionals are one of the most common and risky way of transmission of pathogenic strains with potential nosocomial infection formation. Aseptic principles must be repeatedly communicated to all...
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The temperature as a nursing problem
RAIŠLOVÁ, Jitka
This Bachelor's thesis deals with treating care of the people diseased with fever. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the term thermoregulation is defined and thermoregulatory systems are described. The following part contains description of body temperature and activities of a nurse during taking body temperature. In brief, accessible thermometers and sensors are also mentioned. In the most extensive part, there is described the term fever, causes of fever, clinical record, physiological impacts of fever, types of fever, diagnostics and possible methods of decreasing body temperature. Then there is mentioned treating care of the people diseased with fever and there are described activities of a nurse during the treating care. Two goals have been determined to fulfil the main purpose of this thesis. The goal number 1: To find out which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. The goal number 2: To find out which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient. There have also been determined two research questions. The research question number 1: Which treating techniques are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The research question number 2: Which problems are the most frequent during treating a fever patient? The practical part of this thesis contains results of a qualitative research based on an in-depth partly structured interview. The interviewed persons were nurses from several medical facilities in Pilsen Region. There were spoken twenty nurses meeting the criterion. The criterion was their work at Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department, Intensive Care Unit, Surgery or Department of Internal Medicine. Using the method of Open Coding, the nurses were given the numbers. All the lines containing the nurses' answers were given the numbers to enable to refer to them later. Using the method "paper and pencil", all the important information was labelled. Then using the technique "reading the cards", all obtained data were sorted to four categories. There were also made subcategories. And the main categories were made to schemes. Using the research, both the research questions were answered. The nurses stated main treating procedures using during treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have good general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. All the nurses have already met a fever patient at work. They know causes of fever which they can meet at work. They stated wide range of symptoms and complications related to fever. During treating a patient, they always follow doctors' orders and make treating interventions. It is clear from the results that treating procedures differ partly according to the type of medical facility and also according to work at an intensive care or a standard department. Intensive Care Unit and Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Department are better equipped and have more staffs for high-quality treating care. But also standard departments provide quality treating care according to the research. According to the results of the research, the nurses generally demonstrated their knowledge related to treating care of the people diseased with fever. They have also general knowledge about problems during treating a fever patient. Nevertheless, there are also possibilities how to enlarge theoretical knowledge and practical experience. On the basis of theoretical study of fever, treating care of the people diseased with fever, specifics during treating and evaluation of the research, there was made the handbook "Treating care of the people diseased with fever", which is enclosed as an appendix (the appendix number 6). The Bachelor's thesis can be also used as an information material for nurses in medical facilities, who meet the people diseased with fever at work.
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The problem of blood collecting for testing blood culture.
NOVÁKOVÁ, Olga
Current situation: Blood culture is intended to detect infection in the bloodstream. Increasingly today, complications of diseases like toxicemia, bacteremia and sepsis occur.Diagnosis of sepsis is not easy and blood culture plays an irreplaceable role. Blood sampling for blood culture is one of the technically challenging and time-consuming procedures, and these samples must be perfectly controlled by the nurses.Point of interest: Risk factors identification that may affect the results of blood culture relating to the collection of blood cultures was the main aim of the research. Determination of nurses' knowledge and compliance with the recommended procedures for collecting blood cultures, and identifi cation of the most frequently committed sisters' errors was the main objective.Participants: The research sample was chosen on purpose, with respect to the research problem. Group consisted of nurses working in the Department of Infectious Diseases in Hospital České Budějovice.Results: The recommended procedures of blood culture collection and risk factors that affect the result of blood culture are reviewed.The results of observations showed the errors of nurses taking blood culture are most often perpetrated.Nurses' knowledge is sufficient regarding the recommended sampling procedure and rules characterizing this collection, as detected by conducting interviews. Nurses are apprised with the procedure, and are able to justify different methods.Conclusion: Patients' lives could be saved by the correct diagnosis of bloodstream infections. The nurses have a high responsibility to perform their procedures in accordance with the sandards possible to eliminate risk factors that may affect the outcome of blood culture examination. The outcome of this work is to identify the most common errors made by the nurses and to propose preventive measures that would eliminate exposed areas of risk. The errors may be caused by ignorance, the automated process and also different time and mental pressure in patient care.
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