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Nurses's interventions in urgent conditions in otorhinolaryngology
LAIBRTOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis deals with the acute conditions in otorhinolaryngology (ENT), mostly with hemorrhage and dyspnoe, and with the nurse's intervention which are done at the patients with this conditions at the Otorhinolaryringology Standard Depatrment, the ENT Intensive Care Unit and at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation. The theoretic part is devoted to description of acute conditions in the ear, nose and throat area in general. Next it is focused on the dyspnoe in ENT, what are the causes, symptoms, therapy and if it's neccessary what are the ways of securing the airways. Then in connection with dyspnoe is described nursing care. The next chapter is focused on the acute conditon which is hemorrhage. Here is described from wich areas could patient bleed, what are the causes of hemorrhage, symptoms and therapy. The last chapter is focused on desctiption of nursing care at patients with hemorrhage. Three research objectives were defined in the empiric part of this bachelor thesis: Find out the interventions are performed in patients with acute condition in otorhinolaryngology. Map if the nurses are sufficiently prepared to provide nursing care to the patients with acute condition in ENT. To achieve the determined objectives qualitative research was used. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 24 nurses from the Otorhinolaryringology Standard Depatrment, the ENT Intensive Care Unit and the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation.The obtained information was processed by open coding, paper and pencil interviewing. The results showed that the provided interventions are similar for the particular acute contidion. The differences are only in some interventions. In case od bleeding from nose cavity, oral but also from surgical wound the provided interventions are very similar. I tis very important to inform the doctor about the acute contidiont with subsequent cooperation and fulfillmetn his surgeries. The performed interventions are mostly focused on the care of bleeding, administation of medicaments or blood derivatives and on the monitoring of the vital sings. In case of occurrence the acute dyspnoea the doctor is informed again and then is followed according to his surgeries. Performed interventions are focused on the monitoring of vital sings, administration od medicaments and if it is necessary on the airway management. In case of airway management the interventios are focused on nursing care of patients with tracheostomy. In finding out the readiness of nurses it was found that in their opinion they are prepared for the acute conditions in ENT.
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Life-threatening bleeding and possibilities of application of transfusion products in pre-hospital care
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of life-threatening bleeding and the possibilities of transfusion application already in pre-hospital care. As regards transfusions applied in pre-hospital emergency care, this is a relatively new issue that is currently taking place in the Czech Republic through clinical research, therefore the bachelor's thesis does not contain much data from pre-hospital emergency care. Thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the anatomy and physiology of the body's blood circulation and physiological hemostasis are briefly described for better orientation in this area. Subsequently, the issue of bleeding is described along with its characteristics including the division and following development of hemorrhagic shock up to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Symptoms and therapies taking place in pre-hospital emergency care at the scene of the event by a paramedic. In conclusion, the issue of transfusion is addressed, from characteristics to product types, application principles, history and current therapy taking place in pre-hospital emergency care. The practical part was carried out through qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interviews, which were anonymous, recorded in the course and subsequently processed. There were prepared 25 questions in advance for the interview, divided into 6 categories, to which I was answered by a total of 7 paramedics. The interviews took place at the exit groups of the South Bohemian Region Health Rescue Service. The data collected represented the awareness of paramedics about the issue and therapeutic procedures from the point of view of the rapid medical assistance crew.
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The knowledge of providing first aid of members of the Police of the Czech Republi in the South Bohemie Region
HOMOLOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis "The knowledge of providing first aid of the members of the Police of the Czech Republic in South Bohemia Region" focuses on first aid and individual components of the Integrated Rescue System. At the beginning of the theoretical part I will focus on the history of first aid and its current procedures and methods. Furthermore, I will mention providing first aid for particular conditions, where I will focus on situations that can immediately put us at risk of life, including unconsciousness, choking and bleeding. The injuries of limbs can also endanger our lives, therefore I chose a fracture. In the second part, I will describe the individual components of the integrated rescue system, their purpose and operations. The ultimate point is the education of Czech police officers, which takes place at secondary schools with a school-leaving examination (A-levels) or at higher police schools. Last but not least, training is provided through qualification courses, seminars and lectures provided by the Ministry of the Interior. In the practical part, two goals and three research questions were set, which I answered by evaluating the completed questionnaires. The main aim of the thesis was to assess the current state of basic knowledge and skills of the Czech Police regarding first aid and whether the age or length of work experience of respondents influences the depth of this knowledge. The questionnaire concentrated on basic knowledge of first aid, which should be provided by each of the integrated rescue system components. 50 respondents from selected workplaces of the South Bohemian Region participated in the questionnaire survey. Subsequent results were graphically depicted for a better understanding. In conclusion, research has found that, apart from a few exceptions, the current state of the knowledge of first aid is at a good level, nevertheless those should be deepened in certain areas.
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Medical treatment of a gravely wounded person in a difficult conditions
ŠKVRNA, Karel
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Medical treatment of a gravely wounded person in difficult conditions. Theoretical part is focused on recommended procedure - Guidelines TECC (Tactical Emergency Casualty Care) which was originally military guidelines, but it's edited to civilian environment. The main focus of the thesis is to describe the procedure of prehospital emergency care, edited guidelines used in practice and its material conditions. Another goal of this thesis is to create methodological instructions, which can be used in practice. Quality research was conducted for a practical part of the thesis. Controlled semi-structured interview composed of three questions was done. Twelve interviews were done. Paramedics from South Bohemian region and Pilsen region were the respondents. It was found out new recommended procedures and aids based on Guidelines 2015 from military environment are used. However in practice those procedures and aids are not used. Methodological instructions for burns were conducted.
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Elementary and middle school students and teacher's knowledge of first aid
KNOSOVÁ, Marie
The topic of this bachelor thesis is Knowledge of teachers and students of primary and secondary schools in first aid provision. The theoretical part defines first aid and describes its types. Subsequent chapters focus on first aid legislation, organisation of the Emergency Medical Service, and available tools for first aid provision. Further follows description of selected basic conditions and associated first aid. Next two chapters deal with first aid education of teachers and students of primary and secondary schools. Last chapter describes the possibility of cooperation with The Czech Red Cross and the Emergency Medical Service, who provide first aid training for schools and public. The practical part consists of qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews with teachers and students of primary and secondary schools in The Vysočina Region were used. In the elementary school the interview was lead with students of the ninth grade and their teachers. In the secondary school the interview was lead with students of the third year and their students. The interviews contained 22 questions focused on the knowledge of first aid and on the issue of first aid education. The interviews are transcribed in the practical part and the answers are also processed in tables for clarity. The conducted research survey showed that knowledge of teachers and students of primary and secondary schools in first aid is not sufficient and therefore it would be appropriate to include first aid courses in curriculum of each grade/year and also to provide courses for teachers.
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Life-threatening bleeding in prehospital emergency care
KLOUDA, Martin
The bachelor thesis deal with "Life threatening bleeding in pre-hospital emergency care" which is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to blood and blood circulation from the beginning. In addi-tion, the distribution of blood flow according to the type, amount, cause and place of blood flow is shown. Subsequently, the organism physiologically stops the bleeding and pathophysiology of large blood loss, showing hemorrhagic shock and multiorgan dysfunc-tion syndrome. Lastly, in the theoretical part of the therapy, life-threatening bleeding from the point of view of lay rescuers, paramedics in pre-hospital emergency care and subsequently in emergency non-hospital care. In the practical part, object 1 was set - to map the level of the theoretical knowledge of paramedics in the treatment of life threatening bleeding in pre-hospital emergency care. Based on this goal, the research question 1 was identified - how are paramedics familiar with recommended treatments for life-threatening bleeding in pre-hospital urgent care? The practical part is 6 semistructured interviews with paramedics performing their profession at the Rescue Emergency Service in České Budějovice containing 16 questions divided into 11 categories for the clarity of the information obtained. The result of the practical part pointed to the insufficient readiness of the theoretical knowledge of paramedics and ignorance of their competencies without the indication of the doctor mentioned in Decree No. 55/2011 Coll., §17. The conclusion of the thesis con-tains suggestions for improving this fact.
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Vliv vykrvení na kvalitu masa kapra obecného (Cyprinus carpio)
KUBÍK, Michal
The aim of this study was to test the influence of bleeding on the flesh quality of common carp. For the assessment of the influence of bleeding on the colour, spectrophotometrical measuring was used. The sensory quality was evaluated to an ISO 8529 standard by a trained staff member of the Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Water. Both raw and cooked samples were evaluated. Microbiological analysis was done according to ISO 4833 standard and lipid oxidation measured by TBARS. The influence of the bleeding was observed in all colour parameters (L*, a* and b*). The average of L* values was 43.7 +- 1; 42.7 +- 1, a 43 +- 0.9 in bled group and 37.51 +- 0.54; 37.98 +- 0.79; 37.42 +- 0.6 in unbled. The average of a* values was -1.4 +- 0.2; -1.6 +- 0.2; -0.9 +- 0.4 in the bled group and 4.5 +- 2.3; 3.6 +- 1.6; 7.4 +- 1 in the unbled group. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups was observed in all days of study in the L* and a* parameter. In the b* parameter there was a difference observed just in the first nine days. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between the bled and the unbled groups was observed in all criteria on the raw sample on the 1st and 3rd days. Cooked samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) just on the 6th day of study. Microbiological results came up to 4 +- 0.2 log CFU.g-1 in the bled group and 6.3 +- 0.1 log CFU.g-1 in the unbled group. The influence of bleeding was shown in lipid oxidation too. At the end of the study TBARS values were 17.8 +- 8.8 ug.kg-1 of the sample in the bled group and 39.9 +- 6.4 ug.kg-1 of the sample in the unbled group. In both groups, exponential growth was shown. The influence of bleeding was observed in all parameters. It can be stated that the bleeding has a positive influence on the flesh quality of common carp. In order to convert these results into practice, further studies to optimize the bleeding process are needed.
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