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Proteinová rodina HSP70 a její role v biotických interakcích
Čičmanec, Petr
Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70s) are ubiquitous and widespread proteins across prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and accumulated evidence indicates that these proteins are involved in much more than the response to heat shock. This thesis characterizes the role of HSP70s in response to different stimuli and provides insight into the HSP70's role in regulating the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge of HSP70, including information about its structure, activity, posttranslational modifications, and the so-called chaperone code. It describes the functions of HSP70s and pays particular attention to the HSP70s' role in immunity and biotic interactions. The experimental part is divided into several sections. First, a bioinformatic analysis provides a cross-kingdom comparison of HSP70 and its role in biotic stress. This part is supplemented with the analysis of HSP70 distribution and abundance at the proteome level. Next, the effect of different stimuli on HSP70 protein abundance in different model organisms is presented, including E. coli, S. cerevisiae, A. thaliana, Pisum sativum, and Linum usitatissimum. Finally, the effects of the hsp70 mutation are analyzed, providing insight into the complexity of the HSP70 machinery and confirming its role in the biotic interaction between a model plant and fungi.
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Transgenerational effects of plant biotic interactions
PUY GUTIÉRREZ, Javier
This thesis focuses on the transgenerational effects triggered by plant biotic interactions and explores their relevance on ecological and evolutionary processes. The following sections document novel results that show their important consequences on different aspects. Primarily, we established the necessary methodology to be able to explore these questions and to disentangle the mechanisms originating the transgenerational plasticity by validating a demethylation method. Then, we checked whether the biotic interactions alter the phenotype via within-generation and transgenerational plasticity, examining the magnitude and direction of the response on each specific "response traits". Lastly, the potential role of transgenerational plasticity for adaptation, species coexistence, creating biodiversity and population and ecosystem functioning is tested.
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Effect of plant invasions on arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis
Cihlářová, Lucie ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Štajerová, Kateřina (referee)
People have been travelling for centuries, together with accompanying animals and plants from their fatherlands. This transfer can be either conscious or accidental. In both cases, the introduced species enter new interactions with local organisms which can lead even to a change of functioning of whole ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is one of the most important and widespread symbiotic relationships of vascular plants and soil fungi, known from approximately 80 % terrestrial plant families. The symbiosis han an irreplaceable role for host plants in uptake of mineral nutrients. An introduction of invasive plants to non-native biotopes can have a significant influence on the fragile balance between the symbionts, which can subsequently influence whole ecosystem. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, the characteristic of plant invasions and its influence on AM fungi in invaded areas.
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