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Diagnostic of immunohistochemistry in pathology
HRDINOVÁ, Andrea
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of neoplasms in pathology. Describes the use of antibody spectrum at the Department of Pathology, Český Krumlov Hospital, a.s. Immunohistochemical methods are nowadays an important method used in pathology for tumor typing and metastasis for the determination of primary tumors. They complement the standard staining methods for basic diagnostics such as Hematoxylin-Eosin and Van-Gieson, which are less specific, these methods mainly serve to differentiate the basic cellular components and tissue components of the preparation. Immunohistochemistry methods are based on the special antibody affinity principle and are divided into direct and indirect methods. For a direct method, an antibody labeled with, for example, an enzyme is used to detect the antigen and, upon binding, induces a color change observed under the microscope. Indirect method (two-stage, three-stage) is a more sensitive method, based on the principle of an unlabeled primary antibody to which a conjugated secondary antibody binds to an enzyme or biotin. In the three-stage, we use the affinity of avidin and biotin to form the avidin-biotin-enzyme complex (eg. peroxidase), which is shown and highlighted. In more detail, the thesis deals with the diagnosis of breast and sentinel lymph node tumors, both in the theoretical and practical part, and the incidence of these tumors since the introduction of the immunohistochemical method at the Department of Pathology of the Český Krumlov Hospital. Last but not least, a case report of individual interesting cases is described.
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The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of patients with early-stage cervical cancer
Kocián, Roman ; Cibula, David (advisor) ; Roztočil, Aleš (referee) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
The sentinel lymph node biopsy is part of recommended surgical staging guidelines in patients with early stages of cervical cancer. High success rates of bilateral detection of SLN are achieved in sites with adequate experience with this procedure. The sentinel lymph node biopsy without systematic pelvic lymph node dissection is currently considered inadequate procedure for stages IB to IIA of the disease. One of the benefits of sentinel lymph node detection is extensive histopathological examination using the ultrastaging protocol enabling detection of small metastases (i.e. micrometastases). At the moment, there is lack of evidence about oncological safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy which might replace systematic lymph node dissection in the future. Prognostic significance of micrometastases is also controversial due to the lack of data about their potential presence in non-sentinel lymph nodes in cases with negative sentinel lymph nodes. This dissertation deals with the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the cervical cancer and focuses on several topics. We have shown that the presence of micrometastasis is associated with significant negative impact on patients' prognosis on the largest retrospective cohort of patients ever published. Only 67% of patients with micrometastasis have...
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Breast cancer cell population. Its usage for setting of optimal therapeutical regimen. Predictive model.
Kolařík, Dušan ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Kofránek, Jiří (referee) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Background Breast cancer cell population characteristics are used in common clinical practice for estimation of prognosis of the malignant disease (prognostic factors) and for prediction of reactivity of the tumor to certain therapeutic modality (predictive factors). Also axillary lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor in women with early breast cancer. Therefore, surgical excision and following histopathological examination of the nodes is the obligatory part of primary breast cancer surgery. The extension of axillary surgery varies widely, although sentinel lymph node biopsy is considered to be the standard procedure. However, it must be admitted that this type of procedure need not be optimal for all the breast cancer patients. Aims of the study The aim of this study is the verify the hypothesis whether or not the axillary lymph node metastatic affection can be effectively estimated using non-surgical methods - i.e. by evaluation of the combination of prognostic and predictive factors of the primary breast tumor. Statistical model composed on the basis of data of early breast cancer patients is the basic tool for this prediction. Application of this model In everyday practice can enable to adjust the extent of axillary surgery for each individual patient. Patients and methods A...
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Breast cancer cell population. Its usage for setting of optimal therapeutical regimen. Predictive model.
Kolařík, Dušan ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Kofránek, Jiří (referee) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Background Breast cancer cell population characteristics are used in common clinical practice for estimation of prognosis of the malignant disease (prognostic factors) and for prediction of reactivity of the tumor to certain therapeutic modality (predictive factors). Also axillary lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor in women with early breast cancer. Therefore, surgical excision and following histopathological examination of the nodes is the obligatory part of primary breast cancer surgery. The extension of axillary surgery varies widely, although sentinel lymph node biopsy is considered to be the standard procedure. However, it must be admitted that this type of procedure need not be optimal for all the breast cancer patients. Aims of the study The aim of this study is the verify the hypothesis whether or not the axillary lymph node metastatic affection can be effectively estimated using non-surgical methods - i.e. by evaluation of the combination of prognostic and predictive factors of the primary breast tumor. Statistical model composed on the basis of data of early breast cancer patients is the basic tool for this prediction. Application of this model In everyday practice can enable to adjust the extent of axillary surgery for each individual patient. Patients and methods A...
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