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Dynamic characteristics obtained from solution of simple vocal folds models
Kubíček, Radek ; Švancara, Pavel (referee) ; Hájek, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis concerns the biomechanics of voice and its aim is to obtain dynamic characteristics of simple analytical and numerical vocal folds models. Thesis includes main theories of voice production and thorough analysis of the widest used computational models. Essential is an anatomical and physiological introduction including basic pathologies. Behaviour of computational models mentioned in the bibliographic research is demonstrated by the dynamics characteristics gained by modal analysis and by the solid mechanics equation solution. Eigenfrequencies come under range from literature. The aim of thesis is comparison of analytical and numerical solution and particular computational models.
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Finite element modal analysis of a silicone vocal fold filled with fluid
Hájek, P. ; Radolf, Vojtěch ; Horáček, Jaromír ; Švec, J. G.
A three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a silicone vocal fold (VF) filled with fluid is presented here. The silicone part of the model is based on partial differential equations of the continuum mechanics and consider large deformations. The fluid domain encapsulated in the silicone VF is defined semianalytically as a lumped-element model describing the fluid in hydrostatic conditions. The elongated and pressurized silicone VF was subjected to perturbed modal analysis. Results showed that the choice of the fluid inside the VF substantially influences the natural frequencies. Namely, the water-filling lowers the natural frequencies approximately by half over the air-filling. Besides, the procedure of reverse engineering for obtaining the geometry of the VF from already 3D-printed mold is introduced.
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Interaction of flow and an elastic body
Kosík, Adam
In the submitted work we are concerned with the numerical simulation of fluid flow and elastic body interaction. This is a coupled problem of the equations of two kinds, equations describing the flow and equations describing dynamical behaviour of the elas- tic body, which is partly surrounded by the fluid. These systems are coupled by suitable transmission conditions. The fluid flow is described by the Navier-Stokes equations, which are reformulated by the ALE method because of the deformation of the computational domain caused by the body movement. The deformation of the elastic body is described by the linear elasticity system with the generalized Hooke's law. We solve the problem by the finite element method. The developed methods are tested on the physical model of human vocal folds. 1
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Three-dimensional numerical analysis of Czech vowel production
Hájek, P. ; Švancara, P. ; Horáček, Jaromír ; Švec, J. G.
Spatial air pressures generated in human vocal tract by vibrating vocal folds present sound sources of vowel production. This paper simulates phonation phenomena by using fluid-structure-acoustic scheme in a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a Czech vowel [o:]. The computational model was composed of four-layered M5-shaped vocal folds together with an idealized trachea and vocal tract. Spatial fluid flow in the trachea and in the vocal tract was obtained by unsteady viscous compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The oscillating vocal folds were modelled by a momentum equation. Large deformations were allowed. Transient analysis was performed based on separate structure and fluid solvers, which were exchanging loads acting on the vocal folds boundaries in each time iteration. The deformation of the fluid mesh during the vocal fold oscillation was realized by the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach and by interpolation of fluid results on the deformed fluid mesh. Preliminary results show vibration characteristics of the vocal folds, which correspond to those obtained from human phonation at higher pitch. The vocal folds were self-oscillating at a reasonable frequency of 180 Hz. The vocal tract eigenfrequencies were in the ranges of the formant frequencies of Czech vowel [o:] measured on humans, during self-oscillations the formants shifted to lower frequencies.
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Experimental modelling of vibroacoustics of the human vocal tract with compliant walls
Radolf, Vojtěch ; Horáček, Jaromír ; Košina, Jan
Experimental model of human vocal tract cavities with hard walls has been modified to take into account the compliance of the soft tissue of the human vocal tract. The paper presents the studied acoustic-structural interaction of the vocal tract cavities with a dynamical system originated in vibration of the soft tissue. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the results of mathematical modelling. Compliant walls of acoustic cavities generate additional low frequency acoustical-mechanical resonances of the system and increase acoustic resonance frequencies.
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Human vocal tract models with yielding walls – preliminary experimental results
Radolf, Vojtěch ; Horáček, Jaromír ; Košina, Jan
Yielding walls of acoustic cavities cause an additional low frequency acoustical – mechanical resonance of the system. This resonance changes also the higher acoustic resonance frequencies. Experimental model of human vocal tract cavities with hard walls has been modified to take into account the compliance of the soft tissue of human vocal tract. The unique experimental set-up has been assembled to study in detail acoustic-structural interaction of the vocal tract cavities with a dynamical system originated in vibration of the soft tissue. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the results of mathematical modelling.
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Influence of tissue changes in superficial lamina propria on production of Czech vowels
Hájek, P. ; Švancara, P. ; Horáček, Jaromír ; Švec, J.
Superficial lamina propria (SLP) is a water-like vocal fold (VF) layer located directly under overlying epithelium. Its material properties affect VF motion and thus resulting spectrum of produced sound. Influence of stiffness and damping of the SLP on sound spectrum of Czech vowels is examined using a two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) model of a human phonation system. The model consists of the VF (structure model) connected with an idealized trachea and vocal tract (VT) (fluid models). Five VTs for all Czech vowels [a:], [e:], [i:], [o:] and [u:] were used and their geometry were based on MRI data. Fluid flow in the trachea and VT was modelled by unsteady viscous compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Such a formulation enabled numerical simulation of a fluid-structure-acoustic interaction (FSAI). Self-sustained oscillations of the VF were described by a momentum equation including large deformations and a homogeneous linear elastic model of material was used. Fluid and structure solvers exchange displacements and boundary forces in each iteration. During closed phase VFs are in contact and fluid flow is separated. We can observe that both the damping and the stiffness of the SLP substantially influence the amplitude and frequency of VFs vibration as well as the open time of the glottis.\n
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