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Využití biopreparátů na bázi mikroorganismů k biologickému ošetření osiva vybraných kulturních plodin
AUNG, Zin Moe Wai
The aim of the thesis was focused on the biological treatment of corn, soybean and cucumber seeds using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, mycopara-sitic fungus Trichoderma virens and antagonistic bacteria Bacillus mycoides. A 0.5% solution of carboxymethylcellulose was used for seed coating, in which the concentration of spores in 1 ml was 1x106. After seed coating, the number of spores of filamentous per one seed was determined and also the influence of microorgan-isms on seed germination and seedling development was evaluated. The results show that the antagonistic bacterium B. mycoides and entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana had a positive effect on the growth and development of seedlings of all tested crops. The mycoparasitic fungus T. virens slightly retarded the development of roots and shoots in corn and soybean during germination. On the other hand, cu-cumber seeds coated by T. virens showed a faster development on both parameters evaluated. By sowing coated seeds with useful microorganisms, which can be easily introduced into the soil in addition increasing soil suppressiveness. Thus, seedlings can be protected against soil-dwelling pests or plant pathogens.
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Využití biologických prostředků na ochranu brambor vůči mandelince bramborové
KURÁŽ, Jakub
The aim of the work was to verify possibilities of biological control against Colorado potato beetle by using cultivated indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes from potato fields in Czech Republic before chemical treatment or ecological agriculture and verify their efficacy against Colorado potato beetle. All results are included in attached charts or tables.
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Evaluation of development of various strains of Beauveria bassiana in different environmental conditions
ŠEBEK, Jaroslav
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a polyphagous species of fungus that attacks more than 700 species of hosts. This species of fungus is one of the most researched and most common representatives of entomopathogenic fungi. Many of bioproducts based on conidia or blastospores of B. bassiana are registered around the world. These bioproducts are used in biological control against various pests of field crops, fast-growing vegetables and ornamental flowers and in forest stands against certain pest species. The bachelor thesis focuses on the basic "in vitro" parameters of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana from different geographical areas. The work focuses on the effect of temperature on the germination of strains of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana. Furthermore, the growth and development of B. bassiana strains (radial growth) were compared. And the last part is focused on the comparison of spore production of strains of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana on standard nutrient medium and natural substrate.
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Establish a standard laboratory bioassay of efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi \kur{Beauveria bassiana}on adults of spruce bark beetle ips typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae).
SKALICKÝ, Aleš
During monitoring on chosen localities of National Park and the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava were isolated native strains of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Strains were consequently tested on efficacy against adults of spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). The general aim of this thesis was the development of a standard laboratory bioassay procedure. For the purpose of the bioassay as the most appropriate arena for the incubation appears sterile plastic containers with moist pulp at the bottom. The next step is to insert a standard number of adults Ips typographus on sterile spruce bark in a container that serves as a natural culture medium for incubation. Course of individual experiments showed that the most appropriate term is the initial evaluation of 144 hours from the beginning of an attempt, following an evaluation is performed 168, 192 and 216 hours. Within bioassay of efficacy were tested different applications of bio-preparation based on entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.
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Evaluation of genetic strains polymorphism of \kur{Beauveria bassiana} based on analyses of using microsatellite markers
PUDIL, Jiří
Microsatellites, or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), are highly polymorphic loci present in nuclear and organellar DNA that consist of repeating units of 1-6 base pairs in length. Microsatellites are very effective molecular markers, which allow us to examine various aspects of organisms. The aim of thesis is to carry out analyzes of microsatellites and describe the genetic relationships between individual strains and monosporic isolates, which were derived from these strains. Usind SSR I would like to asses the degree of genetic polymorphism between \kur{Beauveria bassiana} strains, collected during monitoring in the locality of Černá Hora in Šumava. I am also trying to optimize the method of DNA isolation and method of microsatellites analysis. 44 strains of \kur{Beauveria bassiana} isolated from \kur{Ips typographus} were analyzed in total using four primers. Overall, the results that I obtained show high similarity of evaluated strains, and therefore low level of genetic polymorphism. For further work it would be appropriate to enlarge the area, which will be sampled and include sets of strains that were obtained from different developmental stages of the host, as well as other reference strains of entomopathogeníc fungi collected from other localities with similar conditions. For more detailed study it would be useful to use the analysis of ribosomal DNA. Thus selected and evaluated population is likely to provide a more veritable image of strain diversity in observed area.
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Využití entomopatogenních hub proti škůdcům
Skalníková, Leona
The bachelor thesis aims for verifying the efficiency of Naturalis agent against wi-reworms in growths of potatoes. Naturalis is a biological insecticide based on germinating spores of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., (1912). The experiment was established on sites in Pasohlávky, Řepníky and Nyklovice from the 17th April to the 14th August 2018. Two variations were esta-blished for each site, one treated with Naturalis, one without treatment. Occurence of wireworms was assessed in food traps before and after the treatment. During the season, the assessment was realized up to three times. Wireworms were found on the site in Nyklovice only. 25 of individuals were found on the treated variation while 32 were found on non-treated variation. Presence of Beauveria bassiana was not noticed on any wireworm found. In 2018, the efficiency of Naturalis was not verified.
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Studium diversity a rozšíření virů entomopatogenní houby \nl{}\kur{Beauveria bassiana} v České republice
VANĚČEK, Petr
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect and replicate in fungal cells, but unlike most known viruses of plants and animals, they exceptionally produce deleterious effects on their host. Nonetheless, the last discoveries showed that some mycoviruses can decrease the virulence of their phytopathogenic fungal hosts, making them very attractive for their possible use as biological control agents. Most mycoviruses have dsRNA genomes and are widespread in all major taxa of fungi. Beauveria bassiana is one of the most studied species of entomopathogenic fungi; it has a cosmopolitan distribution and is used as biocontroller against invertebrates in agriculture. In the present work, a collection of 137 isolates of B. bassiana obtained at different locations and from different habitats in the Czech Republic was analysed. These isolates were analysed for the presence of dsRNA elements indicative of viral infections. The results revealed a high prevalence of viral infections in Czech B. bassiana isolates, with 22.6% of the isolates containing dsRNA elements with viral characteristics. Obtained dsRNA electropherotypes showed that virus diversity in infected isolates was high and that mixed virus infections occurred among them. Based on the characteristics of the electrophoretic band patterns, it could be hypothesized that B. bassiana isolates collected in the Czech Republic could harbour members of the viral families Totiviridae, Partitiviridae, Chrysoviridae and Hypoviridae.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of chosen strains of entomopathogenic fungi in individual application and in application of more strain mixture
KRÁLOVEC, Jan
This diploma theses focuses on comparison of natural and intentionally inducated supressiveness of environment induced by application of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea a Lecanicillium muscarium. In tests were evaluated the in vitro parameters as well as the effectiveness in vivo biotests on insect host larva Tenebrio molitor. The species of entomopatoghenic fungi were applied in suspensions, single strains and also in combination of two strains. In the in vitro conditions the possibilities of objective evaluation of the supresivity level were tested by using the CFU test (Colony Forming Units) on three different nutrient media (PDA, PDA + A , PDA + D), as one of the basic evaluation parameters. Further the germination tests were evaluated according to GI (Germination Index), determination of radial growth (comparison of median cultures) and interaction of strain suspensions on nutrient media PDA. In the in vivo biotests were watched the epizooties from suspensions of these entomopathogenic fungi on insect larva Tenebrio molitor in competitive test of strains according to FDI (Fungl development index) evaluation scala. Chosen larva covered by fully sporulating mycelium from epizootie were further evaluated in CFU test. The result were dominant strain/s on the larva from applied suspensions.
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Entomopathogenic fungus \kur{Beauveria bassiana }- biological characteristics
PAVLÍČEK, Pavel
This literature compilation focuses on current knowledge in the biological characteristics of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, with emphasis on the influence of abiotic factors on the development and its effectiveness in selected species of harmful insects. Knowledge of abiotic factors is important for a successful outcome to protect plants against harmful agents this entomopathogen. There are also set out the specifics, benefits and examples of using the aforementioned entomopathogen in biological plant protection. In conclusion, the possibilities are assessed using the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana in plant protection in the Czech Republic and other aspects concerning the practical use and distribution.
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Entomopathogenic fungus \kur{Beauveria bassiana} - use in biological plant protection
HROMAS, Jakub
Entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is one of many species of entomopathogenic fungi used as a biological protection against plant pest. Compared to other species this one is spread worldwide, long known and one of the most studied species. This work describes besides a detailed description of the Beauveria bassiana also other six important fungal species used for biological protection (Hirsutella, Isaria, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Paecilomyces, Verticillium) and provides a detailed description of four available commercial biopreparations, namely BotaniGard 22WP, BotaniGard EC, Mycotrol O, Naturalis L which can be practically used for pest suppression. The work also provides information about two products developed in the former Czechoslovakia, Boverol and Boverosil. The conclusion brings practical examples of the use of these products while protecting against the European spruce bark beetle, the Colorado beetles and the Cherry fruit fly.
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