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Nutrition in the prevention of atherosclerosis and public awareness of the problem
HRDINA, Jakub
The final Bc-degree paper deals with the relation of nutrition to the prevention of atherosclerosis and public awareness of this problem. Two main objectives have been determined. The first objective is to map public awareness of atherosclerosis, the second is to investigate eating habits of the same population. Theoretical part of the paper decribes the meaning of nutrition for a human, individual nutrition components and their significance in human body, current trends and nutrition recommendations, presenting the description of atherosclerosis with its risk factors. Quantitative research methods have been selected for the practical part, such as interview in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire completition had the form of direct contact and electronic mail. The research set was made of citizen of over 20 years of age living in the district of Černá za Bory in Pardubice. The research results show that vast majority of the respodents is not aware of the risk factors causing atherosclerosis. People over 50 years of age, mainly those living in a family with an occurence of this diseasem are more informed. Therefore it is essential to keep the general public informed about the problem. The paper will be used especially for further study purposes.
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The observation of non pharmacological possibilities of the therapy by decreasing the risk faktors of atherosclerosis from the patients view.
REICHERTOVÁ, Stanislava
Atherosclerosis and its risk factors represent one of the most significant health problems of the western civilization; they are one of the most frequent causes of death and they limit significantly the quality and length of life. Atherosclerosis also causes invalidity. More than fifty thousand people die of heart and blood vessel related diseases in the Czech Republic every year. Non-pharmacological therapy, based on changing life habits, is an integral part of treating atherosclerosis. These measures include the reduction of body weight, suitable physical activities, changes of eating habits, preventing stressful situations, and absolute termination of smoking. The objective of the paper was to find out about the awareness and subsequent observance of non-pharmacological treatment measures in patients who have been diagnosed with at least one risk factor. Nurses play a very important role in non-pharmacological treatment. Their task is to inform patients about the non-pharmacological treatment, to provide assistance in acquiring required habits, to change behaviour of patients, and to help patients cope with the care of themselves. Therefore, it was necessary to find out about nurses? education, experience, potential, time and enthusiasm for educational activities at various departments. The data for this paper was collected using a quantitative research strategy by means of questionnaire method. A questionnaire for patients contained 31 questions and a questionnaire for nurses contained 23 questions. The results were processed in a graphic form. The research was carried out at the medical inpatient department and the specialized outpatient departments of cardiology, diabetology, internal, and industrial doctor at Mulač Hospital in Pilsen. Three hypotheses were formulated: 1 Patients know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 2 Patients observe the principles of non-pharmacological treatment of atherosclerosis risk factors. 3 There are differences in providing education at the inpatient and outpatient departments to patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor. The research resulted in the finding that patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor know the principles of non-pharmacological treatment but they do not observe these principles. The first hypothesis has been confirmed, the second one was disconfirmed. It has also been found out the there are differences in methods and means available to nurses to provide education as impatient and outpatient facilities. The third hypothesis has been confirmed. The results of our research obtained through the work on this paper will be used as background material for nurses? educational activities and thus they may contribute to increasing the preventive measures for patients with a confirmed atherosclerosis risk factor.
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Physiotherapy procedure in recovery of patients after myocardial infarction
POSPÍŠIL, Martin
In the theoretical part of my thesis I processed theoretical data associated with this issue. This part contains a description of the anatomy and the functions of the cardiovascular system and the issue of myocardial infarction. The part includes classification, pathology and the mechanism of myocardial infarction occurrence. The thesis also covers clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnostic procedures and methods of treatment. The comprehensively curative rehabilitation programme is divided into four stages, i.e. hospital physiotherapy, early post-hospitalization physiotherapy, stabilization, and maintenance long-term physiotherapy. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis a method of a qualitative research was used. The results were processed in the form of case reports. The research was conducted in the cardiovascular physiotherapy ward of St. Anne{\crq}s University Hospital in Brno. The tested set consisted of two patients. The first patient attends the 2nd stage of the cardio-physiotherapeutic programme. The second patient who experienced a myocardial infarction approximately 4 years ago attends the 3rd stage of the cardio-physiotherapeutic programme. The objective of the thesis was to assess the benefit of the cardiovascular physiotherapy in patients who had experienced a myocardial infarction. The heath state of both the patients has been positively influenced. Both the patients state that their subjective problems associated with the state after the acute myocardial infarction have been removed owing to the cardiovascular physiotherapy. In objective terms, the increase in the muscular strength and the positive impact on the characteristics of the transport system may be evaluated.
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Nonpharmacological treatment of the risk faktors of atherosclerosis
HARTOVÁ, Taťána
Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent death causation in most advanced countries. The citizens of the Czech Republic are unambiguously considered a population with an increased risk profile of untimely atherosclerosis. The paper addresses quantification of common risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity), monitoring of the number of other residential treatments, other cardiovascular incidents and deaths and especially the depressive disorder of 200 patients (aged 36 {--} 86 years) of the Invasive Cardiology Department of Nemocnice Karlovy Vary, s. r. o. indicated to be subject to coronarographic examination. As concerns depressive patients, we encounter the cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death more often than with the non-depressive ones. This applies also in the event when risk factors of cardiovascular disorders in the anamnesis are excluded in both groups. A man with a cardiovascular illness experiences a significant break period. He is directly limited in terms of his health and endangered in terms of his existence, social life and often even his life itself. Psychic changes under those circumstances are almost regular, the depression development is assumable. As many as 13 % of the approached cardiac patients state the occurrence of typical problems accompanying the depression in the past 14 days, with 27 % of them, the problems lasted longer than a week. The whole-life prevalence of depression ranges between 5 and 16%, a higher occurrence of depressive patients among cardiac patients is hence apparent. The average BMI of monitored women is 29,12 {--} hence at the border of normal weight and overweight, the average BMI of monitored men amounts to 29,20 {--} which indicates their obesity. Hence one may confirm that as concerns the monitored persons, a higher body mass index (BMI) is confirmed with monitored persons. The average wasteline is 104,29 with monitored women and 104,83 with monitored men {--} i.e. the content of visceral fat is considerable. When monitoring other residential treatments within half a year, most patients were those with angina pectoris. Regardless of their diagnosis, only three patients died.
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Význam lipidů v metabolismu tuků
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Pelclová, D. ; Žák, J. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Navrátil, Tomáš
In course of last two years we compared values of 34 parameters, obtained from 11 young active sportsmen given 5 g of creatine (CR) daily during 1 month. Among these parameters were the products of metabolic pathways, the changes of which are connected with the development of atherosclerosis. This holds for the levels of cholesterol (CH), triacylglycerols (TAG) and homocysteine (HoCySH), and for the levels of vitamin B12 and of folates in blood.
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Vliv suprafyziologických dávek kreatinu na homocysteinový metabolismus u sportovců
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Pelclová, D. ; Žák, J. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Navrátil, Tomáš
One month´s administration of creatine (CR) in the dose of 5 g/day to 11 young men affected their daily amount of CR, creatinine, and thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) excreted into urine. The probands were divided into 4 groups, according to the amount of CR found in urine, and of folates and of vitamin B12 determined in blood. The changes of folates and vitamin B12 were mutually reciprocal, as well as muscle mass and body fat. Each group utilized CR as donor of one- and two-carbon (1C and 2C) units by means of homocysteine (HoCySH), folates, and vitamin B12, in different metabolic pathways.
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Interaction of Creatine Metabolism with Three Possible Enzymatic Pathways Using Homocysteine
Přistoupilová, K. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Petr, M. ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Pelclová, D. ; Žák, J. ; Kohlíková, E. ; Heyrovský, Michael
Alternative administration of creatine (CR) and vitamin B12 in food supplements has confirmed our finding that CR is a source of 2C units. They can be utilized in oxidative pathway, an intermediate of which is thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA). 2C units can be used also in other metabolic pathways, in which folates and vitamin B12 coenzymes take part together with homocysteine.
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Vliv kreatinu aplikovaného jako potravinový doplněk na exkreci homocysteinu do krve a kyseliny thiodiglykolové do moře
Přistoupilová, K. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Pelclová, D.
Single-dose food supplementation of creatine (5 g of creatine per day), commonly used by sportsmen, affects their metabolism of thiocompounds and of some compounds in blood and in urine, the metabolism of which is connected with the synthesis of creatine or with its usage in the body. In blood the levels of folates, vitamin B12, homocysteine, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, uric acid, cortizol, and testosterone were followed. In urine the changes in levels of creatine, creatinine, thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), and pH were followed. The results were accomplished by data of bioimpedance measurements (body mass, muscle mass, body fat, intra- and extracellular fluids, total body water content, protein content, fitness score). It was found that according to the changes in creatine levels before and after administration of creatine in course of one month, it was possible to divide the subjects under study into four groups.
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Vliv kreatinu na koordinaci močovinového a citrátového cyklu
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Přistoupil, T. I. ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Pelclová, D.
Creatine is recommended to be administered as food supplement, which should fortify its natural formation. It is supposed that human organism utilizes this compound for creatine phosphate formation, which is necessary for energy supplementation for muscular work. It was shown that the metabolic ways are more complicated than had been supposed. The changes in thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) excretion into urine proved that application of creatine affects the metabolism of thiocompounds and two-carbon units, i.e., levels of homocysteine and glycine in blood, and of TDGA in urine. From our results, obtained in experiments with a group of 11 young men, who were supplemented by creatine for one month, it was confirmed that the dependence interrelationship among thiocompounds, vitamin B12, folates, cholesterol, and other complex is more complicated than had been supposed. For better understanding of the role of creatine in general metabolism, ...
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