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The Questions of the Beginning and the End of Human Life
ČADOVÁ, Marie
This work deals with the problems of conception, gravidity and abortion in the first part and in the second part than deals with problems of death and dying. It concerns two cut-off points, which are component parts of human life. The first part surveis the biginning of human life and tries to find answers for questions, which have a connection with the conception, artifical insemination, surrogative maternity and abortion. It describes paradoxes, which comes from such situations. It appreciates this paradoxes in the wiev of medicin, ethics, psychology and law. The second part describes the end of the human life in several forms. It broods killing, suicide and euthansia in aspects of the psychology, medicine, law and ethics. In the end it describes the palliative care as an alternativ to euthansia.
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Some Ethical Aspects of Assisted Reproduction
VEJMĚLKOVÁ, Iveta
This work deals with ethical aspects of surrogacy. The first part is an overview of the issues of infertility, its causes and methods of treatment. To the end of this chapter the definition and the types of surrogacy are given. The following section references to the ethical and the legal issues connected with it. Then follows the part where differently motivated stories of people whose lives have been affected by the replacement of motherhood are listed. The last section is devoted to the results of a questionnaire completed anonymously in order to seek public opinion on surrogacy. Responses obtained through questionnaires reflect the extent to which the public is informed about the replacement of surrogacy and what is the opinion on the possible legalization.
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Infertility and ethical aspects of assisted reproduction.
VALEČKOVÁ, Lucie
This work deals with infertility and the ethical aspects of assisted reproduction. Theoretic part is devoted to male and female infertility, its causes, the methods and issues of assisted reproduction, which are ethically unacceptable as shledávány, where some are tolerated under certain conditions. The practical part of this thesis are examined attitudes of infertile couples and the public on the ethical aspects of assisted reproduction.
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Surrounding People´s Reaction to a Couple Dealing with the Problem of Involuntary Childlessness
HEŘMANOVÁ, Bohuslava
Infertility is described as a condition in which a couple for at least one year, despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse, fails to become pregnant. It currently affects about 15% of couples. Acceptance of the diagnosis and subsequent treatment is a huge strain both in physical and mental aspects. People dealing with the problem of involuntary childlessness are usually very sensitive to the response of surrounding people. In the theoretical section infertility is defined as a disease, its causes are mentioned and possible solutions discussed. Assisted reproduction and substitute family care are described. Exercises using the method of L. Moses, spa treatment, alternative treatment options, and childlessness are also included. Communication of an infertile couple with surrounding people is described. The psychosocial impact of involuntary childlessness is also mentioned. The objective of the thesis was to survey surrounding people´s reactions on an infertile couple´s diagnosis and subsequent therapy. Another objective was to determine whether these couples feel the need to notify other people of their diagnosis and of the course of treatment, and what reaction they expect. A qualitative research strategy was chosen. The data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews with couples who in their past had to deal with the problem of a not fulfilling parenthood. Eight couples and one woman participated in the research survey. The obtained data were evaluated by the qualitative content analysis. It has been found that an infertile couple feels surrounding people´s interest in the assisted reproduction treatment, its possibilities and progress, but also in its financial cost. Adoption is regarded as heroism, charity or foolishness from the perspective of the public. The research has shown that women in infertile couples have a greater need than men to share the infertility diagnosis and possible solutions with their close people. They also expect their close people´s assistance in the form of support, understanding and the possibility to share their experience as for the effort to get a child. These findings have answered the research questions and both the stated objectives were met. This bachelor thesis could be used by midwifery students, midwives and infertile couples as a source of information on the difficulties in communication between an involuntarily childless couple and surrounding people.
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Ethic and psychosocial problems of donor program in artificial reproduction
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Alena
My degree work focused on the problem of involuntary childlessness, which is a situation that a number of couples are facing nowadays and this issue has been growing. The work specifically deals with the donor programme in assisted reproduction. I described the method of treatment with the use of donor gametes and ethical and legislative issues related to it. The empiric part of the work is divided into two research projects each of which corresponds with one objective of the work. The first one monitors the situation when receiving couples are making a decision whether to join the assisted reproduction programme with donor gametes and the mental and social consequences of this situation. This research part is based on partly structured and non-structured interviews with 10 couples and on observations. The data was transcribed and subsequently qualitatively analysed. The second research comprises data obtained from non-structured interviews with female donors and from on-site observations. This part relates to the second objective of the degree work. In the discussion section of the work the interviews and observations are assessed and compared with literature on this topic. I focused mainly on the issue of anonymous donation, on motivation of oocyte donors and on subsequent comparison with receivers´ expectations. Based on the research I determined a hypothesis that donation of gametes is a difficult problem which our society should deal with in detail. This degree work could be used by people from centres of assisted reproduction. It can also be used as a study material by students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies, especially those who attend the midwife course.
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Factors affecting parenthood in perception of biological or psychosocial conditionality
VODIČKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis is focused on the emergence of the relationship to a child. The time of establishment of the relationship to a child is surveyed on the basis how mothers and midwives reply to questions concerning the time of establishment the relationship to the child. The research in mothers has shown that a significant group of parents gain a loving relationship only after some time. Midwives, as the research has demonstrated, observe and perceive that situation. The relationship establishment to a child is an entirely individual thing and nobody should be worried that parents lack loving feelings to their child soon after the childbirth.
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Nursing care obout women with ar assistant reproduction
HEDBÁVNÁ, Kateřina
Conception may seem to be the most trivial thing but in fact it is not true. Nowadays, about 15% couples are infertile. Human infertility is considered to be an illness according to the World Health Organisation. Current modern procedures in assisted reproduction have fundamentally changed attitudes to human infertility. Assisted reproduction is one of the most progressive and also the most popularized branches of medicine. Only women are involved in it and regardless of whether they are healthy or not they undergo physically demanding procedures and make use of all techniques available. Nursing care is essential for a woman after assisted reproduction. While taking care of such a woman, a midwife should be attentive to her needs and possible health problems. The care for women who have undergone assisted reproduction is individual and specific. The first issue I deal with in the theoretical part of my thesis is infertility. I also describe methods and techniques of assisted reproduction and I mention the ova and sperm donation, the reimbursement of assisted reproduction, the law No 227/2006 on the research of human embryos. Nursing care for a woman who has undergone assisted reproduction is covered in this part as well. The aim of the thesis was to find out if women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with nursing care in the hospital in České Budějovice, Inc. and in the hospital in Třebíč, allowance organization. The hypothesis that women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with the care was stated. The empirical part of the thesis was carried out by the quantitative research questionnaires were handed out to pregnant women who had undergone assisted reproduction and were hospitalized at risk pregnancy units in hospitals in České Budějovice, Inc. and Třebíč, allowance organization. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 31 questions {--} both open and closed. The research showed that women who have undergone assisted reproduction were satisfied with nursing care. I suppose the hypothesis was confirmed. I would like this thesis to provide future midwives and infertile couples, who decided to undergo assisted reproduction, with information on this technique.
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Judaism, Jewish attitudes to some chapters of bio-ethics and their acceptation by Czech students
SELLNEROVÁ, Tereza
This diploma work deals with Judaism and Jewish attitudes and approaches to some selected chapters of bio-ethics. Theoretical part is devoted to Judaism in general and its directions, summarizes literary sources of Judaism, and describes dialogue between Christians and Jews. Next chapters of this diploma work present holidays in Jewish year and their division to several groups, Jewish family, including subchapter dealing with pregnancy and birth of a child and habits related to these events. In the final section at the conclusion of the theoretical part of this diploma work I have made comparison between three world monotheistic religions as a source of medical ethics and outlined attitude of Judaism to abortion and assisted reproduction. Research has been carried out by applying quantitative method and the students of South Bohemian University ? Faculty of Pedagogy, Faculty of Theology and Medical Social faculty in the city of České Budějovice took part in the research. Technique of data collection was based on anonymous questionnaire. Total number of 300 questionnaires was distributed (100 questionnaires for each of the aforementioned faculties).
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Psychosocial problems of infertility verbaled by patients of fertility treatment ambulance.
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Alena
Infertility is the inability to naturally conceive a child or to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many reasons why a couple may not be able to conceive, or may not be able to conceive without medical assistance. Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress, especially the female partner. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the woman's womb. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of achieving conception have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing eggs from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. In this study ten couples using fertility treatment were analysed. The purpose of this study was to follow and describe their problems during the treatment, troubles with partners, jobs and friends. The author tried to find a solution how to communicate with patients, how to help them to manage the treatment. The elected experimental strategy was qualitative analysis. This study could be used by stuff in centres of artificial reproduction.
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Health and social aspects of infertility and its treatment
ZAVADILOVÁ, Zuzana
Infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy. WHO classify infertility into two groups. Primary infertility is the term used to describe a couple that has never been able to conceive a pregnancy, after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Secondary infertility describes couples who have previously been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to achieve another pregnancy. Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical as well as emotional factors. Approximately 30 - 40% of all infertility is due to a "male" factor such as retrograde ejaculation, impotence hormone deficiency, environmental pollutants, scarring from sexually transmitted disease, or decreased sperm count. A "female" factor -- scarring from sexually transmitted disease or endometriosis, ovulation dysfunction, poor nutrition, hormone imbalance, ovarian cysts, pelvic infection, tumor or transport system abnormality from the cervix through the fallopian tubes -- is responsible for 40 - 50% of infertility in couples. The remaining 10 -30% of infertility cases may be caused by contributing factors from both partners, or no cause can be identified. This dissertation has two main goals. The first goal is to describe how a couple face up to their problems with infertility. The second goal is that this dissertation can be used as a study material for social and medical employees. This dessertation is based on a qualitative research. I used a method CAMI {--} communication through the use of computer. The observational goup were people disccusing at www.neplodnost.cz.
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