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Primary Prevention of Sexuality and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Příbram Region
HROMÍŘOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis is called ?Primary Prevention of Sexuality and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the Region of Příbram.? The aim of primary prevention is to prevent undesirable phenomena or first experience with them and to delay the first contact with them as late as possible. This prevention in primary schools is provided by school prevention methodologists who ensure appropriate activities for their pupils. Early initiation of sexual life is a major problem at present. Adolescents often feel physically mature, however, from the psychological point of view, they are not. They seek acquaintances and change them very often and thus, increase the risk of unwanted pregnancies and related abortions, the risk of infection by a sexually transmitted disease and other risks. The main objective of my thesis was to map primary prevention of sexual education and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the region of Příbram. In the part of the thesis called ? The Current State? historical development of this issue, current paradigms, the general concept of prevention of sexuality, the target group of primary prevention, possibilities of contraception and sexually transmitted diseases are characterized. The data for my thesis were collected by quantitative research, by the method of questioning and by means of an anonymous questionnaire. The research sample was selected in two primary schools ? in a primary school in Příbram and in a rural primary school in the region of Příbram. The respondents were pupils from the ninth grade and were approached during their lessons and in my presence. Thus, the return of 100 % of questionnaires was ensured. The key fact, revealed by the research, is that the subject of sexual education is realized more in primary schools in the town of Příbram and it is not realized almost at all in the rural primary schools. In contrast, the fact that the participation of pupils in a prevention program that is realized outside the scope of the subject of sexual education and is focused on risky sexual behaviour is lower in the primary school of Příbram, compared to the rural primary schools of the region of Příbram. The results of my bachelor thesis can be used for further research and also for implementation of more effective primary prevention.
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The development of abortion in the Czech Republic and its international comparison.
Krausová, Alena ; Šimková, Martina (advisor) ; Šimpach, Ondřej (referee)
This work is focused on abortion and the factors influencing its development. Attitudes toward abortion are subjective but they can be influenced by religion or politics that are compressed by state. The major part of the work is devoted to comparing abortion among Romania, Spain and Sweden. The historical development of abortion is outlined in each country and the current legislative conditions for undergoing surgery too. Historical development in selected countries was affected by various factors. The development section is also attributed to two major demographic transitions. The analysis use different indicators and numbers of abortions are compared also in terms of total fertility rate, number of births and the mean age of women at childbirth.
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Singles phenomenon
Hanáček, Jonáš ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kozelský, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to introduce the concept of singles phenomenon, describe it in the context of its emergence in the past, describe the current situation and possible impacts and estimate how it could evolve in the future. The thesis is concentrated on the situation in the Czech Republic and comparison with Europe. The analysis mainly uses data from the Czech Statistical Office and Eurostat. Analysis is processed for data between 1989 and 2010. I have chosen demographic indicators that are in connection with singles phenomenon and factors that are responsible for development and I have demonstrated it by tables and graphs. At the end I summarized the main points of this thesis, added my own opinion and explained, why I think the demographic situation in the Czech Republic will change. I added a list of tables, graphs and a list of sources and bibliography.
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Teenagers´ knowledge about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour in Klatovy
JIŘÍKOVÁ, Petra
The diploma work deals with problems of the risk sexual behaviour of teenagers. The aim was to compare knowledge of teenagers about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour at the Secondary medical school and at the secondary schools without medical orientation. Quantitative research was put into practice for the purpose of the fulfilment of this aim. The method of the technique of interviewing and the standardized questionnaire were adopted and the data collection was realized with respondents from 4th classes of the selected secondary schools in Klatovy in 2007. It follows from the general evaluation that although respondents from the Secondary medical school have more knowledge about prevention of the risk sexual behaviour, at the present time negative characterizations of the sexual behaviour were found out. One of the problems is an area of the preventive impact in families and schools. The sex education of respondents from the secondary schools without medical orientation is completely insufficient. They are interested in it more at Secondary medical school but also here prevention is based only on giving information. We should lead teenagers to the restriction of the risk sexual behaviour not only by the influence of the area of knowledge but also of the area of their attitudes and skills. Next important role in prevention is played especially by the family and the school, which must work together, then out-of-school activities and doctors. Young people, who have clear aims in life, fixed individual values, communicate with their parents and are led in these important questions, have bigger strength to brave the pressure of people of the same age, advertisements and mass medias, which encourage them to the premature sexual life.
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Female Sterilization as a Form of Permanent Contraception
LOŠKOVÁ, Lucie
Efforts to avoid an undesired conception have been known for, perhaps, as long as the history of the human kind. The development of new birth-control methods as such is not a new discovery. What is new, however, is the wide development of all methods conceivable and their use. One of such new methods is, among others, female sterilization. So far, this method has not been used widely in the Czech Republic. The rate of sterilized women here reaches a little less than 3%. Compared to other countries where sterilized women account for as many as one third of women, the Czech Republic falls behind. Still, this does not mean that Czech women are not interested in sterilization. The current situation in which sterilization is unpopular is, to a large measure, the consequence of obsolete regulations as well as poor knowledgeability of the subject among the lay public and insufficient promotion of the method. The theoretical section of my thesis provides a summary of known facts about female sterilization. It elaborates on preoperative and post-operative care of women concerned, complications, as well as any potential dissatisfaction with the method and later applications for in-vitro fertilization. The practical part of my thesis is divided into two subsections. First focuses on women?s (public?s) informedness about sterilization, the other elaborates on the knowledgeability and experience of nurses / midwives in selected hospitals providing female sterilization. To get insight into the issue and to achieve the below objectives, I performed my survey research in the form of quantitative analysis. Specifically, the research was carried out using two types of questionnaires when the first one was given to women hospitalized in gynecology departments and the other was handed out to nurses/midwives working there. My research was conducted at the České Budějovice Hospital and Tábor Hospital. My work had 4 objectives and 4 therewith related hypothesis. The first objective was to find out the level of women?s knowledge about sterilization as a form of permanent contraception. The hypothesis ensuing from the first objective is: Women are informed about sterilization as a method of permanent contraception. Another objective was to ascertain whether women would consider having a sterilization done in the future. The second hypothesis is: Women older than 35 years prefer sterilization to other contraception methods. The third objective was to establish whether women know the relevant legal prerequisites to have sterilization done. The third hypothesis assumes that women are aware of the legal prerequisites to have sterilization done. The last objective was to find out in what form, if any, nurses / midwives inform patients on the possibilities of sterilization. The fourth hypothesis assumes that nurses / midwives do not inform gynecology department patients on the possibilities of sterilization. All the above objectives were accomplished. Hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 4 were confirmed. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were not confirmed. This bachelor?s thesis may serve as a study material for other midwife class years as well as for nurses / midwives working in gynecology departments who might provide relevant information and support to women considering having the relevant surgery. Last but not least, my thesis could also be used as an educational material for the lay public in order to improve general awareness of the contraception methods available.
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Methods of family planning at Romany woman
ŠULCOVÁ, Iva
In this thesis, I addressed the issues of the Romany population, in particular family planning of Romany women. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and the other is practical. The first part dealt with the history of the Romany population, Romany customs, rituals, housing, family, children, etc. These phenomena were separately applied to the multicultural nursing model - a Giger-Davidhizar model. Due to globalization and population migration, I emphasized the need to use and apply the model of multicultural nursing as an integral part of nursing care. In the second part of my thesis, I carried out my research through semi-controlled interviews with five randomly selected Romany women aged between 20-40 years. Five objectives and related research questions were defined. All the objectives were met. Research question 1, whether Romany women are aware of family planning methods, was not answered definitely. Research question 2 shows that Romany women use family planning methods. Research question 3 resulted in the finding that Romany women use hormonal contraceptives in family planning. Research question 4 explained that Romany women do not find family planning important. The respondents replied to research question 5 ? what Romany women?s needs in primary care are ? in the sense that they do not have any specific requirements. My bachelor thesis can be used as a resource for midwives who want to learn about the problems of the Romany population and family planning, as well as for working midwives who would apply the knowledge in the field of multicultural nursing his their practice, recommend adequate contraception in primary prevention and educate Romany women on when, how and under what circumstances to start a family. The general public, especially young girls, who begin their sexual life, will find here an overview of all available and used methods of contraception.
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Education of a midwife on the use of contraceptive methods in women after childbirth.
FALÁŘOVÁ, Eva
At present, family planning and availability of contraception have become a part of life. Therefore midwives need to be educated in this area to be able to provide mothers after childbirth with quality information concerning this issue within nursing care. The main aim of this thesis was to identify the quality of midwives´ education regarding contraception after childbirth and to find out how midwives orient themselves in contraceptive methods that may be used in confinement and breastfeeding periods. Another objective was to determine whether mothers after childbirth are well informed about the choice of appropriate contraceptives, and whether a midwife has an important role in educating mothers about contraception after childbirth. Research questions and hypotheses to meet the aims were stated. To carry out this survey a qualitative research with the combination of a quantitative research was conducted. The qualitative research was carried out by an interview technique. Interviews were conducted with midwives in the department of gynecology and obstetrics in Strakonice hospital, Inc., with midwives from consulting rooms of gynecologists in Vodňany, Vimperk and České Budějovice and midwives providing field care in Strakonice, Tábor and Písek areas. The survey was conducted in March and April 2011. The quantitative research study was carried out in consulting rooms of gynecologists in Strakonice, Vodňany and České Budějovice. To find the answers the technique of an anonymous questionnaire with 30 questions was used. Respondents were women after childbirth coming to consulting rooms of gynecologists for a check up after the confinement period. The total number of respondents was 121 (100%). The survey was conducted in March and April 2011. The stated aims of the thesis were met. The qualitative research has shown that midwives orient themselves in methods of contraception. They apply this knowledge only when they see interest in mothers. Based on the quantitative research it is possible to set up two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1, which was confirmed: Mothers after childbirth are educated to take an appropriate choice of contraception after childbirth. Hypothesis 2, that was not confirmed: According to the interviewed mothers, a midwife does not have an important role in education on the selection of appropriate contraception after childbirth. In spite of the fact that education on family planning and contraception is a matter of midwives´ job, midwives do not have an important role in education concerning this issue. Key information is provided by a doctor. Therefore, based on findings and results of the research, an educational plan and educational standards for education of midwives in primary care were made up.
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Hygienic habits among girls in terms of prevention of inflammatory gynecological diseases.
KŘIVKOVÁ, Lucie
Inflammatory gynaecological disorders are one of the most frequent causes of a visit in the gynaecologist?s surgery. Origination of this intimate and unpleasant problem can be attributed to a number of factors. One of them may be the impact of incorrect hygienic habits. Every female adolescent should know how to prevent such disorders. This means to be acquainted with the correct hygiene of the secret parts of the body and the menstrual hygiene, the hygiene of clothing, the protection concerning sexual intercourse, and to be aware of the importance of prophylactic gynaecologic examination. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on inflammatory gynaecological disorders, prevention thereof and education of female adolescents concerning prevention. The practical part focuses on discovering the female adolescents´ knowledge of the correct hygiene and its importance for prevention of inflammatory gynaecological disorders at the selected secondary schools and vocational schools of the Region of South Bohemia. The research data were acquired by means of quantitative survey based on the use of questionnaires. The questionnaire was anonymous and intended for female adolescents of the 15-18 age group. The questionnaires were distributed at Stredni zdravotnicka a vyssi odborna skola (secondary school of nursing and college of nursing) to female students specializing in the field of Medical Assistance, at the Czech-Anglo High School, Soukroma stredni skola a jazykova skola s pravem Statni jazykove zkousky (private secondary school and language school with the right to organize the (Czech) state language examinations) to female students specializing in the field of Hair Stylist and Stredni skola obchodni (secondary school of business) to female students specializing in the field of Shop Assistant. One goal and four hypotheses were set. The goal was to discover the level of knowledge of the correct hygiene and its importance for prevention of inflammatory gynaecological disorders among female students of the selected secondary schools and vocational schools in the Region of South Bohemia. The set goal has been achieved. The only proven hypothesis was No. 2 saying: "The female adolescents know that promiscuity is a risk factor contributing to the occurrence of inflammatory gynaecological disorders". What has not been proven was the hypothesis that female adolescents know the principles of the correct hygiene of the secret parts of the body, the correct menstrual hygiene, and that female students at secondary medical schools have better knowledge in the area of hygiene than female students of the other secondary schools. This bachelor´s thesis could be used as educational and information material intended for secondary as well as college students. The information leaflet, which is the output of the thesis, can serve as information material for female students of secondary schools and secondary vocational schools.
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The Risks of Premature Start of the Sexual Life of Women
SMUTNÁ, Kateřina
My thesis is called {\clqq}The Risks of Premature Start of the Sexual Life of Women``. This thesis has two parts, a practical one and theoretical one. The theoretical part describes the anatomy and physiology of woman´s body and its development. The start of the sexual life is an important part of women´s life and i tis influenced by many factors that can have both the positive and negative influence and these factors can be cultural, related to health or social. It is very important for young women considering starting their sexual life to have enough information about thein body and process going on in it and prevention of risks arising from unsuitable behaviour in adolescence. For a healthy sexual life it is important to be informed how to care for your body and health and in connection with it also for the reproductive health, a good sexual education is important too as well as biology at school connected with educational programmes for young people. I described the legislative conditions for starting the sexual live in the Czech Republic in theoretical part as well. I try find out in the practical part what risks are known to young women and what is their opinion as for their prevention. I chose the form of a qualitative research for my investigation and I thought of poll questions for this purpose and made a questionnaire and a set of questions out of it. There were two categories questioned, the first category were mothers whofilled in the questionnare, the second category were daughters who I had a standard conversation with. I tried to find out about the reproductive health and the sources of the information in this field the women use. I was trying to find out too whether women know the rsk factors influencing their sexual life. The end of my thesis is a list of enclosures.
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Hormonal treatment in women, prejudice and awareness
BUDÍNOVÁ, Eva
Hormonal treatment is an essential component in treatment of a modern woman. But yet it is disputed and perceived negatively in women owing to prejudice and poor awareness of the issue. The lack of information or information obtained from non-professional sources cause prejudice and the negative perception that is difficult to refute. The data were collected using a quantitative as well as qualitative examination. The quantitative research was made through an anonymous questionnaire in the gynecologist{\crq}s office of MUDr. Koubková in Tábor. The questionnaire gathered identification data and general knowledge on hormone therapy. 110 questionnaires were handed out and 95 were included in the questionnaire. The qualitative examination was carried out in the form of an interview with the nurses from the gynecologists´ offices in Tábor. The thesis gives a survey of the awareness of treatment and the reasons for its refusing, which was its main target. The five single goals that had been set were accomplished by the research results. Five hypotheses were stated. The first, second and third hypotheses were to confirm the premise that women tend to have a negative attitude towards hormonal treatment and they refuse hormonal treatment on account of prejudice. These hypotheses were confirmed. The negative attitudes and hormonal treatment refusal stem from the lack of information or the information obtained from wrong sources. Prejudice is caused by inaccurate information obtained from non-professionals. The fourth and fifth hypotheses were to confirm the presumption that highly educated women have a more positive approach to hormonal treatment than those with basic education, and that the education level has an influence on the attitude towards hormonal treatment, and that women of a lower age are more open to hormonal treatment than middle-aged or elderly women. These hypotheses were not confirmed. Four hypotheses were determined. Questions 1 and 2 examined the women{\crq}s problem taking hormone therapy. Questions 3 and 4 investigated the way a nurse participates in giving information on hormone therapy in the gynecologist{\crq}s office and the way this shortage of information can be made up. All of the questions were answered by the results of the research. The results of the research show that women, while seeking information, address their questions to physicians, but also to their friends, or check the Internet for information. Those who influence their decision making in the respect of hormonal treatment are their partners, friends, media and others. Women confirmed that they have lack of information and are interested in obtaining more information about hormonal treatment. Prejudice and the negative attitude to hormonal treatment originate from lack of information. Hormonal treatment is an indispensable part of the care for a modern healthy woman. It is necessary for women to have access to all the information available to prevent them from the influence of incorrect information and prejudice. The results of the research will be used to make health care personnel familiar with the questions of unawareness and the influence of prejudice on women so that the situation could improve in this respect.
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