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Comparison conductive detectors for capillary electrophoresis
Kříček, Zdeněk ; Křížek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is comparison of two contactless conductivity detectors in capillary electrophoresis. Two methods were used for comparison: The determination of saccharides, namely glucose, fructose and sucrose, and then the determination of inorganic ions, such as chlorides, nitrates, and sulphates. The theoretical part deals with capillary electrophoresis in general and then the specific use of a contactless conductivity detector in capillary electrophoresis and its optimization. Parameters used for comparison of detectors such as limit of detection or relative standard deviation are described. Afterwards, different methods that can be used for the separation and determination of saccharides and inorganic ions are reviewed. The experimental part contains data that were measured in the optimization part of this study as well as comparison of the two detectors used, Admet and TraceDec. The comparison part starts with the method for the separation of saccharides using short-end injection mode in 40mmol∙l−1 sodium hydroxide with a separation voltage of −15 kV. The internal standard was 0,1mg∙ml−1 lactose. The calibration curve was measured in the concentration range from 0,01 to 0,5 mg∙ml−1 The linearity was measured with values of LOD, LLOQ and RSD determined as well. The values of...
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Determination of anions in water of forest springs using ion chromatography
Kouřilová, Soňa ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Alexa, Lukáš (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the determination of anions in water from forest springs by ion chromatography. The aim of the study was the analysis of common anions contained in spring waters that may affect the quality of drinking water. The ion chromatography method was used to separate and quantify the anions. The work involves the collection of samples from 25 forest springs in the surroundings of Brno. The sampling was carried out in spring and autumn campaigns (from 30 May to 13 June 2023 and from 26 September to 11 October 2023). The theoretical part contains information on analytical methods with application in determination of anions in waters. In the experimental part, results and discussion are presented providing important information on the chemical composition of the water in targeted springs. The results can serve as a basis for protection and monitoring of drinking water in forest environments.
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Water formation in reactions of anions and/or cations with molecular hydrogen at low temperature
Tran, Thuy Dung ; Plašil, Radek (advisor)
In the present work, the results of the experimental study of reactions of ions with molecular hydrogen in the temperature range 15 - 300 K using a 22-pole ion trap apparatus are presented. The reaction of OD- with para-enriched hydrogen was studied using a combination of the 22-pole ion trap apparatus with a para-hydrogen generator. Also reactions of O- with H2, D2, and HD were studied. These reactions have a channel of water production and a channel of hydrogen or deuterium transfer. Another field of study was a sequence of reactions of oxygen hydride cations with H2 and D2 which leads to the production of H3O+ or its isotopic variant, specifically reactions OH+ with H2, H2O+ with H2, D2O+ with H2, and D2O+ with D2. This reaction chain can be followed by the electron recombination of H3O+ or its isotopologue, which has a channel of water production.
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Water formation in reactions of anions and/or cations with molecular hydrogen at low temperature
Tran, Thuy Dung ; Plašil, Radek (advisor)
In the present work, the results of the experimental study of reactions of ions with molecular hydrogen in the temperature range 15 - 300 K using a 22-pole ion trap apparatus are presented. The reaction of OD- with para-enriched hydrogen was studied using a combination of the 22-pole ion trap apparatus with a para-hydrogen generator. Also reactions of O- with H2, D2, and HD were studied. These reactions have a channel of water production and a channel of hydrogen or deuterium transfer. Another field of study was a sequence of reactions of oxygen hydride cations with H2 and D2 which leads to the production of H3O+ or its isotopic variant, specifically reactions OH+ with H2, H2O+ with H2, D2O+ with H2, and D2O+ with D2. This reaction chain can be followed by the electron recombination of H3O+ or its isotopologue, which has a channel of water production.
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Water formation in reactions of anions and/or cations with molecular hydrogen at low temperature
Tran, Thuy Dung ; Plašil, Radek (advisor) ; Španěl, Patrik (referee) ; Rubovič, Peter (referee)
In the present work, the results of the experimental study of reactions of ions with molecular hydrogen in the temperature range 15 - 300 K using a 22-pole ion trap apparatus are presented. The reaction of OD- with para-enriched hydrogen was studied using a combination of the 22-pole ion trap apparatus with a para-hydrogen generator. Also reactions of O- with H2, D2, and HD were studied. These reactions have a channel of water production and a channel of hydrogen or deuterium transfer. Another field of study was a sequence of reactions of oxygen hydride cations with H2 and D2 which leads to the production of H3O+ or its isotopic variant, specifically reactions OH+ with H2, H2O+ with H2, D2O+ with H2, and D2O+ with D2. This reaction chain can be followed by the electron recombination of H3O+ or its isotopologue, which has a channel of water production.
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The agricultural management impact on matter losses in the model catchment of the Stropnice river
SLAVÍKOVÁ, Lucie
The content of this thesis The agricultural management impact on matter losses in the model catchment of the Stropnice river was to observe the quality of surface water and matter losses in five small catchments of Stropnice river. The samples from physico-chemical analysis were medium values from 2001 to 2011. There were observed pH, conductivity and concentrations of main ions and carbon in the surface waters. The results were analysed with multivariate Measures Anova - Tukey HSD post- hoc analyse. For the selected parameters a correlation analysis of the closeness of relationships was performed. There were differences between in sulphates surface water chemism in the upper parts of five streams. In the lower parts of five streams were significant differences between arable soils and meadows. The results confirmed that occurs a positive relation between the chemism of surface water and land use.
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Chemical parameters of surface waters in selected model ecosystems of the cultural landscape.
STRNADOVÁ, Johana
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the concentration of chemical parameters in five streams in Novohradské hory. Individual sampling points were different with their types of ecosystem, management practices, vegetation composition of growth and subsoil. Monitored parameters in forest ecosystems were: conductivity, pH, sulfate and calcium. In agrosystems observed parameters: electrical conductivity, pH, calcium, chloride and nitrate. The collected data generated graphs for the years 2005 - 2010. Based on the results we can say that natural mixed forest resists concentrations of sulphates and prevents the acidification of surface water. In contrast with spruce monoculture where surface water has the lowest pH because the sprice forest captures haigher quantitty of sulphates. Chemistry of water in agroecosystems corresponds to the flow through the landscape, which is used for economic activity. This was most evident in the stream, which in the upper sampling point flows through spruce monoculture and conductivity there was only 65 ?S.cm-1. On the contrary conductivity was substantially higher 175 ?S.cm -1 in the lower sampling point. Conductivity value of stream flowing through wet meadows, was 191 ?S. cm1. The measurement results confirmed that the water reaches the higher conductivity in the managed landscape.
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The influence of agricultural activities on surface waters physico-chemical parameters in Novohradsko area
SLAVÍKOVÁ, Lucie
Agriculture is an activity that affects the landscape. The aim töf this work was to observe the quality of water in the Novohradsko area. These following water quality parameters were measured: pH, conductivity, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, chlorides and alkalines cations. The parameters changes were analysed for the years 2005 - 2010. The values of conductivity on the upper profile Stropnice River exceed the value of 50 ?S.cm-1. The values of conductivity in the lower profile of the Stropnice River do not exceed 175 ?S.cm-1. The results confirmed that the farming has a significant influence on the water quality in the Stropnice River although it is an extensive farming.
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Identification of point sources of surface water pollution and their quantification in selected catchments in the Šumava Mountains.
TOMKOVÁ, Zdeňka
An evaluation of chemical parameters of surface waters proceed in the three small basin areas in Šumava Mountains, in the area of Svatý Tomáš highlands, during the year 2009: Bukový (woods), Mlýnský (semi{--}intensive and drained pasture, part of Pasečná village) and Horský stream (wetlands, woods, mowed meadows, a part of Svatý Tomáš village). The aim was to chart the three main periods during the year. The spring sampling (the 12th May) should illustrate the beginning of growing season with higher water flow rates. The summer sampling (the 21st July) is the period on the top of growing and touristic season, seasonal works in wood and especially in agriculture (grazing and mowing meadows). The last sampling (the 21st October) represents the season at the end of growing season, generally with the lowest flow rates in the stream, the end of touristic season and the end of full{--}area grazing. Already during the field research, involving the water sampling and conductivity measurement, there were some inflows with increased concentrations of dissolved solids found. Whereas in Bukový stream, as has been assumed, these inflows didn´t more or less occur, in Horský stream they had, relatively surprisingly but significantly, appeared immediately in headwater area. The elevated concentrations of dissolved solids occurred in Mlýnský stream in the whole area of basin, as has been assumed regarding to drainage and full{--}area grazing. One year monitoring proved the advantage of water quality evaluation using simple measurement of conductivity in field. High water conductivity in field was subsequently confirmed by laboratory analysis of selected ions. On the basis of identification of point sources of pollution, the recommendation improving present condition was suggested.
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Chemical-physical parameters of surface water in selected subcatchments of the Stropnice river.
KLASOVÁ, Marcela
This bachelor thesis, called ?Chemical-physical paremetres of ground waters of chosen subwaters of Stropnice?, includes finding content of concentration of chemical and physical matters in water. The goal of this thesis was to compare the content of waters at ?Bedřichovský potok? and ?Pasecký potok?. Sampling and analysis of samples were made in 2010. Diagrams were made for easier presentation and to easily compare the differences. From the results we can judge, that differences are in contents of SO4, Cl, Ca and K. The biggest influence on these values has got fertilization by organic and lifestock manures.
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