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Osobnost u primátů: metody hodnocení, mezidruhová porovnání a reprodukční úspěch
MÁSÍLKOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis is focused on the stable individual behavioural tendencies, i.e. personality, in non-human primates. The studies included in the thesis address questions related to the methods of personality assessment and evolutionary bases of personality. The personality structures in three callitrichid species in captivity, including common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and golden-handed tamarins (Saguinus midas), were investigated using common behaviour coding and trait rating. More specifically, the minimum length of observation necessary to describe the personality structure, the similarities and differences between personality structures of two related tamarin and one more distantly related marmoset species, and the links between personality and reproductive success, were investigated.
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Interaction between animal cognition and animal personality
Houšková, Markéta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Šíchová, Klára (referee)
Personality is an important characteristic of individual variability which in some way restricts the full behavioural flexibility. Generally, it is not known, what is the relationship between environmental variability and variability in cognitive abilities of animals? More specifically, how this relationship impacts on the evolution of behavioural plasticity and the expression of animal personality. It is assumed that there is a correlation between the type of personalities and cognitive abilities but mutual causal relationship of this interaction is not yet fully understood. Proactive types of personalities in cognitive tests seem to be neophilic but slower in adapting to changes in the environment or in the analysing of signals with the changed meaning (reversal learning). On the contrary, reactive types of personalities are probably neophobic, they less risk and they are more flexible. However, it is questionable whether these behavioural types have an influence on cognitive abilities and how this influence manifests itself specifically to them. In this thesis, we will focus on whether and how different types of personalities are reflected in these cognitive abilities for each species and what is the methodology for testing these dependencies. Key words: animal personality, coping style,...
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Association between the personality of the owner and the behavioral profile of their cat
Žežulková, Denisa ; Hroníková, Linda (advisor) ; Bártová, Klára (referee)
Previous studies have shown that we can measure personality not only of humans but of animals as well including domestic cats (Felis catus). Results of studies have also shown that personality of the domestic cat might be influenced by various factors e.g. age, gender or breed of the cat. Although only a few studies were focused on association between owner personality and behavioral profile of their cat. The aim of our study was to explore association between the personality of the owners and the behavioral profile of their cats assessed by their owners. We used correlations for analysing data. The sample included 404 respondents (women), who filled in a Czech translation of BFI-2 and a Czech translation of the Feline Five Questionnaire for their cats (the cat sample consists of 194 males and 210 females). Our results showed a set of correlations between personality factors of the owner and behavioral factors of her cat. The strongest positive correlation was measured between consciousness of the owner and extraversion of her cat. One possible explanation of these associations is based on the Similarity-Attraction Hypothesis, which means that the owner chooses an animal that is similar to her in various characteristics. According to another theory the owner projects her own characteristics into...
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Underlying causes and stability of intraspecific variation in behaviour of microtine rodents
ŠÍCHOVÁ, Klára
Two crucial issues related to personality in non-human animals have been identified: firstly, the underlying 'causes' of personality and,secondly, the stability of behavioural repertoires (essentially the defining feature of personality) have both been the subject of long-standing debate. This thesis is focused on investigating stable inter- and intra- individual differences in the behaviour of wildcaught bank voles, Myodes glareolus (that varied according to mtDNA type), and in common voles, Microtus arvalis. The first study, using wild voles, revealed empirical evidence about the effects of sex and mtDNA type on individual differences in basal metabolic rate and in behaviour in the open field which provides measures of approach and avoidance (here, generically termed 'proactivity') and which relate to several theoretical conceptualisations of animal personality. The second study demonstrated the presence of stable individual differences in reactions to exposure to open field test and radial maze in common voles, which were shaped by the social environment and in turn, related to cognitive efficiency. The same species was used in the third study documenting the distinct temporal patterns of behavioural plasticity that manifested over repeated exposures to the open field test. We suggest that this distinct temporal patterning in habituation, whilst it varied over time, was predictable in nature and therefore a reflection of a stable underlying personality. To conclude, this body of thesis work draws together a number of influencing factors, and considers their contribution to animal personality.
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Interaction between animal cognition and animal personality
Houšková, Markéta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Šíchová, Klára (referee)
Personality is an important characteristic of individual variability which in some way restricts the full behavioural flexibility. Generally, it is not known, what is the relationship between environmental variability and variability in cognitive abilities of animals? More specifically, how this relationship impacts on the evolution of behavioural plasticity and the expression of animal personality. It is assumed that there is a correlation between the type of personalities and cognitive abilities but mutual causal relationship of this interaction is not yet fully understood. Proactive types of personalities in cognitive tests seem to be neophilic but slower in adapting to changes in the environment or in the analysing of signals with the changed meaning (reversal learning). On the contrary, reactive types of personalities are probably neophobic, they less risk and they are more flexible. However, it is questionable whether these behavioural types have an influence on cognitive abilities and how this influence manifests itself specifically to them. In this thesis, we will focus on whether and how different types of personalities are reflected in these cognitive abilities for each species and what is the methodology for testing these dependencies. Key words: animal personality, coping style,...
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Assessment of animal personality based on recaptures in bank vole (\kur{Clethrionomys glareolus})
ELEXHAUSEROVÁ, Anna
The aim of this study was to investigate the personality of bank vole using recaptures. Some behavioural types were determined (for example shy and bold) and influence of some factors on animal personality was defined (especially the daytime). The rate of repeatability of behaviour was also specified and the dependence of behaviour change on number of days between two captures was defined. Last, two types of tests used for animal personality were compared, indicating the differences between them.
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The role of personality in social interactions
NOVÁKOVÁ, Ivana
The aim of this study is to get together issues about animal personality and the way it is influenced by social environment. One part of this thesis is designing my own experiment, which is focused on the influence of social environment on mole-rat personality traits. This experiment will be done in masters degree.
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Causes and consequences of personalities in microtine rodents
LANTOVÁ, Petra
This thesis focuses on individually specific differences in behavioural strategies, personalities, with two microtine rodents (Microtus arvalis and M. oeconomus) as study species. The work evaluates methodology necessary to reveal and measure consistent individual differences in behaviour, identifies possible proximate and ultimate mechanisms behind the existence of individual behavioural variability, and describes some ecological, evolutionary and behavioural consequences of personalities.
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Personality, social hierarchy and hormones in primates
KONEČNÁ, Martina
This thesis deals with two main issues: personality (stable individual differences in behavior) and behavioral endocrinology (or socioendocrinology) in nonhuman primates. The first part of the thesis comprises of two primate personality studies of two species: Hanuman langurs and Barbary macaques. Two basic methods of animal personality research (behavioral coding and trait rating) were compared. Stability of personality assessments has been demonstrated. Social rank of individuals was used to validate the questionnaire ratings as well as to illustrate the independence and stability of personality assessment. The second part of the thesis is based on two studies investigating hormone levels in female Barbary macaques. The relationship between cortisol, testosterone, dominance hierarchy and behavior was investigated. And the possible effect of maternal hormone levels around the time of conception on the sex of an infant was evaluated.
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