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Citlivost plůdku hlavatky obecné (Hucho hucho) k anestetikům Eugenol, MS-222 a 2-fenoxyetanol.
KAREŠ, Martin
This diploma thesis, in the introduction, summarizes the known information about anesthesia with the physiological effect of anesthetics on fish, including a description of the various stages of anesthesia. The following are the detailed characteristics of the anesthetics used (Eugenol, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin) and describes the biology and breeding of the studied fish species - Hucho hucho and related species. The practical part of the work deals with the assessment of the influence of individual anesthetics (Eugenol, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin) on the onset of individual phases of anesthesia (2, 3a, 3b, 4) and the disappearance phase (3b, 3a, 2,). Unless otherwise stated, the average piece weight of the experimental subjects used was in the range. In the case of the anesthetic Eugenol, the effect of temperature (in the range of 5-15°C) and the concentration of the anesthetic bath (in the range of 0.02-0.04 ml.l-1) and the effect of different fish sizes (in the case of 3 groups in the range of average piece weight 4-353g, at a temperature of 10°C and an anesthetic concentration of 0.03 ml.l-1). The efficacy of the anesthetics MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin was monitored only at 10°C, each at 5 different concentrations (MS-222 at a concentration of 60-140 mg.l-1,2-phenoxyethanol at a concentration of 0.40-0.60 ml.l-1 and Propiscin at a concentration of 0.5-1.5 ml.l-1). Prior to the actual experiments, the fish were adapted for several days to the temperatures at which the monitoring was performed, the day before the actual experiments the fish were not fed. The duration of the experimental fish's stay in the anesthetic bath was always 10 minutes, after which the fish were immediately transferred to a container of clean water of identical temperature and their observation was continued. The achieved results of the onset of individual phases of anesthesia and its fading in individual variants of the experiment are characterized by the average length of time in seconds and the standard deviation. In most cases, the highest onset times of anesthesia were 5°C and 7.5°C. The lowest values of the onset of anesthesia were 12.5°C. The average values of anesthesia fading decreased with higher temperature in most cases, but with higher concentration the onset of fading phases prolonged. The onset of the individual phases of anesthesia and fading were influenced by concentration, temperature, and weight. Orientation test of anesthetics MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin at 10°C. The mentioned anesthetics showed the same trend, a gradual decrease in the onset of the anesthesia phases with increasing concentration. In the case of MS-222, 20% mortality was monitored at a concentration of 140 mg.l-1. Propiscin shows a significantly longer time for anesthesia to subside at a concentration of 1 ml.l-1. In the monitored size categories at a temperature of 10°C and a concentration of 0.03 ml.l-1 Eugenol, there was no clear trend of the dependence of the onset of individual phases of anesthesia on the size of fish.
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Bezpečná anestezie potkana pro náročné výkony
NOVOTNÁ, Nikola
Rat is a significant laboratory animal that is used especially in pharmacology, experimantal surgery, onkology and in reproduction and nutrition experiments. Therefore, it is very important to know the dosage of anestetics even for longer an more demanding operations. This bachelor thesis deals mainly with optimimization of anesthetic doses for demanding procedures and comparison of effects of individual anestecics on rat physiology. In the experiment, rats were divided into five experimental groups. The first group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine totaling 3 times, where the first dose was for ketamine 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine; the second and third doses were dosedfor ketamine 50 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg for xylazine. The second group was also administered 3 times with propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine, where the first dose was for propofol 100 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 50 % of the initiation dose. The third group was given a combination of propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine again 3 times, where the first dose was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbuphine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 25 % of the initiation dose. The fourth group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine only once, where ketamine was 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine. The last fifth group was given a combination of medetomidine and nalbuphine only once, where the dosage was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine. After inhalation of isoflurane, the rats were given intraperitoneal anesthetics. The results show that the experimental groups used, long-term anesthesia (3 doses of anesthetics) was most, beneficial for rats using a combination of propofol (100 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) kg), where the subsequent doses were 25 % of the initial dose. Furthermore, we found that ketamine and xylazine anesthesia is insufficient for long-term surgery. The prolongation of the surgical phase of anesthesia by repeated administration of a reduced dose of anesthetics is possible, but this anesthesia is characterized by a more frequent occurrence of complications and therefore generally not recommended.
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Využití recirkulačních systémů při odchovu říčních druhů ryb
LEPIČ, Pavel
Using of recirculation systems for rearing of fish is common practice in Western Europe countries. Benefits of this systems are utilized in recovering programs of endangered species of fish. In this work we had paid attention on suitability of RAS for rearing Nase, Vimba bream and Barbel. In the first part two six-month experiments were conducted. The five-month-old nase and vimba bream had been trained on pellet feed and acclimated to four different temperatures. The WT fluctuated in parallel with ambient outside conditions at an average of approximately 4 °C for the inflow system and approximately 15, 18 and 21°C in closed, recirculation systems. The total length and weight were measured at two-week intervals and SGRw, FCR and survival were monitored. We observed a positive effect of higher water temperatures on their growth rate of each species. Both groups (WT 21°C) had the most rapid growth and highest SGRw. Growth rate and SGRw were lowest for each species in group with the ambient temperature conditions. Lower temperature at the level of 18°C gave good results in comparison to rearing in cold water. Individual weight was 3.25 and 4.13 times higher for nase and vimba bream, respectively. The temperature 15°C was chosen with regard to the functioning of the biofilter and in this experiment, it proved to be a minimal temperature suitable for rearing of river fish species in RAS. The economic costs to maintain this temperature is low, but the effect of production considered this level of WT as very less effective in several aspects. To conclude this part, we found intensive winter rearing of nase and vimba bream is an effective way to prepare fish for spring restocking. In the second part we have tested suitability of Vimba bream as a trainer fish for adaptation of pikeperch for commercial pellet diet. One of the basic problems in pikeperch culture in RAS is adapting early life stages to pelleted feed (PF). Our work compares four different ways of adapting 6-week-old pikeperch fingerlings to feeding on a commercial diet. The methods were designated, A - use of trainer fish and direct application of PF; B - use of trainer fish and gradual addition of PF with natural food (NF, chironomid larvae); C - direct application of PF only; D - gradual addition of PF with NF. The growth trial experiment (including adaptation to PF) lasted 14 days by which time all experimental groups were accepting PF. Pikeperch fingerlings in group A grew significantly faster and PF was more readily accepted compared to other groups. Other characteristics observed (total weight increment, FCR) also support the use of trainer fish and direct application of PF for pikeperch in their adaptation to intensive culture. The aim of the final study were to compare the effect of anaesthetics MS 222, clove oil, 2- phenoxyethanol and Propiscin on haematological and blood biochemical profiles in vimba bream. The haematological and blood biochemical profiles of vimba bream anaesthetized with MS 222 (100 mg/l), clove oil (33 mg/l), 2- phenoxyethanol (0.4 ml/l), Propiscin (1.0 ml/l) and non-anaesthetized control group were tested. Each tested group was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup was sampled immediately after 10-min anaesthesia. Second subgroup was sampled 24 h after 10-min anaesthesia. The 10-min of exposure to the anaesthetics had no effect on the haematological profile of vimba bream. The effect of anaesthetics on biochemical indices of blood plasma was demonstrated. The exposure of the anaesthetics 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin influenced levels of glucose, ammonia and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase compared with the control group. The level of triacylglycerols and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was affected to exposure of MS 222. Based on the results only clove oil had no effect on the haematological and blood biochemical profiles. Other anaesthetics tested more or less affect value of blood biochemical profiles.
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Effects of anaesthetics on barbel
ŘEŽÁBEK, Josef
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the four most used anaesthetics in European aquaculture MS 222, clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin on barbel (Barbus barbus). The effects of anaesthetics were assessed based on haematological profile, biomarker of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. This study contributed to the expansion of knowledge on the safety of tested anaesthetics and selected safe anaesthetics for barbel. Barbels were exposed to a 10-minute anaesthesia with MS 222 (in recommended concentration 100 mg×l-1), clove oil (in recommended concentration 33 mg×l-1), 2-phenoxyethanol (in recommended concentration 0.4 ml×l-1) and Propiscin (in recommended concentration 1 ml×l-1). The effects of anaesthetics were evaluated immediately after 10 min. anaesthesia and 24 hours after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia with MS 222, clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin had no significant effect on haematological indices, level of oxidative stress (TBARS) and activity of glutathione reductase in barbel tissues. The activity of catalase was significantly increased in the muscle 24 h after anaesthesia of all anaesthetics compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase activity was changes in all experimental groups (immediately after 10 min. anaesthesia and 24 hours after anaesthesia). The tested anaesthetics not altered hematopoietic tissue and had not effect on the level of lipid peroxidation in barbel´s tissues. The results of this study suggest that the antioxidant systems of barbel are altered by Propiscin anaesthesia, but they are slightly affected by MS 222, clove oil, and 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia. On the basis of the results of this thesis, for anaesthesia of barbel we can recommend clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as an alternative MS 222.
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Effect of anaestetics on fish - review
MALÝ, Jan
Bachelor thesis "Effect of anaestetics on fish" has been written as a review. The aim was to elaborate and create the review about the effect of anaestetics on fish. There can be found effects of 12 widely used anaestecics in the European and world aquacultural regions. I have focused mainly on the four mostly used anaestetics in the Czech aquaculture, especially on the clove oil, MS-222, 2-phenoxyethanol and propiscin. To work properly out this bachelor thesis, I have used home and foreign sources found in the scientis database. My bachelor´s thesis is bringing a complete summary concerning the effect of anaestetics on fish and that is why it can be used for similar surveys (purpose) in the field of fish anaesthesia, other use of anaestecics in aquaculture and fish health protection in accordance with the Animal protection law Nr. 359/2012, which has replaced the former law Nr. 246/1992.
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