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Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions
Vostatková, Pavlína ; Petr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Heller, Jan (referee) ; Balkó, Štefan (referee)
Title: Utilization of lactate during exercise in the context of genetic dispositions Objectives: The aim of the dissertation is to investigate, within a group of athletes from speed- endurance disciplines, the influence of selected polymorphisms in genes encoding lactate transporters MCT1-4 on lactate levels before, during, and after Intermittent 30s Wingate Test. A sub-objective of the study is to identify differences in allele and genotype frequencies in the respective polymorphisms between the group of athletes and controls. Methods: The research group consisted of 91 Eastern European Caucasian men, members of the Czech Athletic Association with elite performance in the 400 m run (age 20.4 ± 3.2 years; body weight 74.07 ± 7.5 kg; height 182.7 ± 6.14 cm). A control group (n=100; age 20.5 ± 1.2; body mass 77.5 ± 9.47 kg; height 181.5 ± 6.35 cm) of physically active individuals who did not perform speed and strength sports was used for allele and genotype comparisons. For genotypic analysis of selected polymorphisms, buccal mucosa swabs were performed in the probands. DNA isolation and subsequent genetic analyses were performed in collaboration with the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The frequencies of individual alleles and genotypes were tested for compliance with...
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The effect of weight manipulation on physical performance in combat sports
Nesvadba, Vojtěch ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Omcirk, Dan (referee)
Author: Bc. Vojtěch Nesvadba Title: The Effect of Weight Manipulation on Physical Performance in Combat Sports Objectives: To assess the effect of rapid weight loss and rapid weight gain on strength and to assess the effect of rapid weight loss on health biomarkers. Methods: A total of 19 full-contact combat sports athletes participated in this study and underwent a 7-day period of intentional rapid weight loss, resulting in 5% loss of their initial body weight. Subsequently, within two hours, they regained 2.6% of their body weight. To assess the effect of this rapid weight manipulation, we employed a comprehensive battery of isometric, dynamic, and anaerobic tests to measure the strength-related abilities and body composition (before rapid weight loss, after rapid weight loss and after rapid weight gain). Furthermore, we monitored the hydration status throughout the study using diagnostic strips. The participants also completed a series of purpose-specific questionnaires. Results: In the condition after rapid weight reduction, we observed statistically significant decrease in the maximal isometric strength of the left knee flexors, maximal explosive strength of the upper and lower extremities, and a statistically significant decline in the hydration status of the participants. In the condition...
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The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports
Baumová, Nikola ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Soukupová, Vendula (referee)
Title: The effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sports Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport using the results obtained from previous studies dealing with the effect of the menstrual cycle on performance in sport. Methods: This thesis was carried out as a systematic review. Sources of information were scientific articles and studies from the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost and EBSCOhost databases and literature related to the influence of the menstrual cycle on sports performance. Results: A total of 45 studies were selected for this study (9 cross-sectional, 33 cohort and 3 intervention studies). A total of 3086 probands (2364 from cross-sectional, 644 from cohort and 78 from intervention studies) aged 18 to 35 years were included. Conclusion: In most cases, no effect of MC on sports performance was found. If any effect was observed, the worst phase of MC for performance appeared to be the mid-luteal phase, while the best was the follicular phase. Keywords: menstrual cycle, menstrual phase, follicular phase, luteal phase, strength, power, force, muscular performance, aerobic, aerobic power, aerobic capacity, endurance, endurance power, endurance capacity, anaerobic, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, athletic...
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Conditional abilities of Czech ice hockey players in NHL according to the Wingate test
Janek, Michael ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Conditional abilities of Czech ice hockey players in NHL according to the anaerobic Wingate test Aims: The aim of this thesis was to find out and evaluate the level of anaerobic readiness of selected Czech forwards and defenders playing in NHL between 2001/2002 and 2015/2016 seasons. The evaluation was based on comparison of the results in Wingate test of the research groups and specified standards of the first league (ELH) players. The other purpose was to find out whether there are differences between the results of the forwards and defenders. Methods: There were used the research methods of quantitative analysis including effect size. Research sample consists of the group of 26 forwards (mean age = 20.5 ± 4.4) and the group of 16 defenders (mean age = 23.2 ± 4.5) who have played in NHL. Results of the main parameters, i.e. peak power output, peak power relative to 1 kg of body mass, anaerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity relative to 1 kg of body mass, of the 30 s anaerobic Wingate were used. The data were collected from database of Faculty of PE and sport, Charles University in Prague and confronted with the first league ELH standards from the longitudinal research (Heller, Vodička 2014). The comparison was based on the mean values and dispersion of performances, effect sizes were...
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Identifying a genetic predisposition affecting sports performance, focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity
Balkó, Iva ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šimonek, Jaromír (referee) ; Zvonař, Martin (referee)
Title Identifying of genetic predisposition affecting sports performance focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity Problem Inborn predispositions of every individual are mainly influenced by the inherited genetic information in their DNA with the addition of external environmental factors. Based on the high variability of the inborn predictions in the form of phenotypic differences in the anatomy or physiology of an individual, it can be deduced on the connection between genetics and a specific sport talent. According to current scientific knowledge, anaerobic performance of the skeletal muscle tissue seems to be more genetically influenced. Anatomic and functional properties of the skeletal muscle are mainly influenced by genes, which have effect on the muscle fibre structure, blood storage, metabolism, neurotransmission, and muscle regeneration, etc. Fencing is a complex sport discipline where predispositions to speed and dynamic force play a key role. The sport performance in fencing, regardless of the type of weapon, is directly dependent on the interactions between the reaction of the fencer to the surrounding stimuli (visual, tactile), accuracy, tactical and technical skills, level of anticipation and overall physical a psychological readiness of the fencer. This work is...
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Effect of alkaline water consumption on sports performance
Moulisová, Karolína ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Effect of Alkaline Water Consumption on Sports Performance Objectives: The aim of the work was to find out the differences in performance after three days of intake of alkaline water in comparison with intake of water with normal pH. Methods: The thesis is conceived as an experimental study. A total of 12 participants aged 19-28 participated in the study. Volunteers were students of the UK FTVS military field. The testing included repeated crate outputs (Step-test), reaction rate tests on visual and auditory stimuli. Before and after exercise, blood lactate value, specific urine weight, and body diagnostics were recorded using a bio-impedance device. The study lasted a total of 3 weeks. Testing was performed with weekly spacing in controlled drinking regime of common or alkaline drinking water, always 2 days before testing. The obtained data were then analyzed and processed. Results: The average power of the Step-test participants in the first part of the measurement for both tests after the use of plain water is 718,8 W, compared to the average power of the participants after the use of alkaline water, which is higher and reaches 848,8 W. The test was 15,7 % with placebo and -0,9 % with alkaline water. The average perception of fatigue after drinking alkaline water was lower than that of...
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Conditional abilities of Czech ice hockey players in NHL according to the Wingate test
Janek, Michael ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Conditional abilities of Czech ice hockey players in NHL according to the anaerobic Wingate test Aims: The aim of this thesis was to find out and evaluate the level of anaerobic readiness of selected Czech forwards and defenders playing in NHL between 2001/2002 and 2015/2016 seasons. The evaluation was based on comparison of the results in Wingate test of the research groups and specified standards of the first league (ELH) players. The other purpose was to find out whether there are differences between the results of the forwards and defenders. Methods: There were used the research methods of quantitative analysis including effect size. Research sample consists of the group of 26 forwards (mean age = 20.5 ± 4.4) and the group of 16 defenders (mean age = 23.2 ± 4.5) who have played in NHL. Results of the main parameters, i.e. peak power output, peak power relative to 1 kg of body mass, anaerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity relative to 1 kg of body mass, of the 30 s anaerobic Wingate were used. The data were collected from database of Faculty of PE and sport, Charles University in Prague and confronted with the first league ELH standards from the longitudinal research (Heller, Vodička 2014). The comparison was based on the mean values and dispersion of performances, effect sizes were...
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Identifying a genetic predisposition affecting sports performance, focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity
Balkó, Iva ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šimonek, Jaromír (referee) ; Zvonař, Martin (referee)
Title Identifying of genetic predisposition affecting sports performance focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity Problem Inborn predispositions of every individual are mainly influenced by the inherited genetic information in their DNA with the addition of external environmental factors. Based on the high variability of the inborn predictions in the form of phenotypic differences in the anatomy or physiology of an individual, it can be deduced on the connection between genetics and a specific sport talent. According to current scientific knowledge, anaerobic performance of the skeletal muscle tissue seems to be more genetically influenced. Anatomic and functional properties of the skeletal muscle are mainly influenced by genes, which have effect on the muscle fibre structure, blood storage, metabolism, neurotransmission, and muscle regeneration, etc. Fencing is a complex sport discipline where predispositions to speed and dynamic force play a key role. The sport performance in fencing, regardless of the type of weapon, is directly dependent on the interactions between the reaction of the fencer to the surrounding stimuli (visual, tactile), accuracy, tactical and technical skills, level of anticipation and overall physical a psychological readiness of the fencer. This work is...
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Anaerobic performance at junior hockey players HC Motor Ceske Budejovice at the beginning of the preparatory period using Wingate test
KRULIŠOVÁ, Diana
Bachelor thesis deals with the identification of anaerobic characteristics in the junior category players HC Motor Czech Budejovice using the Wingate test. The hockey team had tested 52 players. It was interviewed 52 subjects aged 16-20 years for a bachelor thesis. These players are from the junior category. These persons were subjected to single physical fitness test on a bicycle ergometer in the lab, which we found not only the value of determining the maximum anaerobic power, but also the fatigue index and anaerobic capacity. Before testing, we found the basic measuring somatic dimensions and body composition probands. The results of probands compared with literature and other studies after evaluating all the tests.
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