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Production of agar candy with the addition of plant extract
Kameníková, Magda ; Gross, Michal (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the optimization of the production of jelly confectionery with agar as gelling agent, application of herbal extract to the prepared confectionery and subsequent identification of the content of aromatic active substances, characterization of phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and sensory quality. Calendula officinalis was selected as the source of the herbal extract, which is known for its high content of bioactive compounds. Determination of aromatic compounds was carried out by gas chromatography with mass detection, antioxidant activity by DPPH method, antimicrobial activity by diffusion method, determination of total phenolics by Folin-Ciocalteu method and sensory analysis was also carried out. Based on the sensory analysis, the optimum added amount of agar, extract and citric acid was determined. The additions of 1,25 % agar and 1 % acid were found to be optimal. The most sensory acceptable sample was the one without extract, while the sample with extract was the one with 4 % extract. The sample with Calendula extract of the above-mentioned optimal composition contained 14 identified aromatic compounds, of which guaiol, -cadinol and -muurolol were the most abundant; the total phenolic content was 464.30 ± 14.99 µgGAEg-1, and the antioxidant activity was determined to be 1.73 ± 0.01 mgTEACg-1 (or a radical quenching of 74.36 %). The antimicrobial effects of the above extract were tested against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus. The highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the extract alone and among the samples, it was the sample containing 4 % of the extract. The extract appeared to be more effective against B. cereus than E. coli. The results show that the content of extract in the samples increases their nutritional value and antimicrobial efficacy (increases the content of antioxidant and phenolic compounds).
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