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The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in mammalian adipose cells
Pěknicová, Zuzana ; Ryšková, Lucie (advisor) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
Fat cells (adipocytes) are important regulators of adipose tissue and the whole organism. These cells are actively involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and changes in their function and metabolism have a far-reaching impact on an individual's health. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the proper functioning of adipocyte cellular processes can significantly aid in the treatment of a number of diseases including obesity, type II diabetes, and others. Therefore, considerable effort is currently being devoted to investigating the various signaling pathways involved in the life of a healthy adipocyte. Calcium, or its active form Ca2+, is an essential tool for cellular signal transduction and triggers a several biologically important processes in most cell types, including adipocytes. This bachelor thesis focuses on the regulation of calcium homeostasis by voltage-gated calcium channels, which appear to be active in the adipocyte, even though it is generally a non-excitable tissue. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the type, structure and function of calcium channels and their effects on adipocyte (patho)physiology. Possible therapeutic benefits based on the regulation of selected calcium channels as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders are also...
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Characterization of epicardial, pericardial, and perivascular adipose tissue in humans and mice
Rybová, Aneta ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jaroslav (referee)
Heart-associated adipose tissue plays an important role in the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Not only does it serve as a protection against mechanical and thermal stress, but it also provides energy for the cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, it can also act as a tissue that promotes a proinflammatory state around the heart, which can result in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Information from the study of epicardial, perivascular or paracardial and other adipose tissue surrounding the heart and large vessels may be used in the prevention of pathological conditions of the heart that are associated with the presence of this adipose tissue.
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Role of PGC-1 coactivators in the regulation of mitochondrial function in adipose tissue
Funda, Jiří ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Petr (referee)
Metabolic pathways in adipose tissue affect the whole-body energy homeostasis. De novo lipogenesis and futile metabolic cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification which is engaged in regulation of fatty acid level in bloodstream are occuring there. These processes are partly regulated by nuclear receptor PPARγ. Mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in adipocytes are controlled by interacting of PPARγ with transcriptional coactivators PGC-1α and PGC-1β. The aims of this thesis were to find out whether PGC-1β is connected with regulation of futile cycling and de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissue and also how specific inactivation of PGC-1β gene in adipose tissue affects phenotype of mice during short-term cold exposure or treatment based on high fat diet enriched by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in combination with mild calorie restriction. The results show that inactivation of PGC-1β probably does not affect futile cycling based on lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification. In mice with PGC-1β ablation compensation in weight of brown adipose tissue was observed as well as increase in the gene expresion of nuclear receptors PPAR, transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and UCP1 during cold exposure. Even though the inactivation of PGC-1β in brown adipose tissue...
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Revitalization program Cellulite - dermopanniculosis deformans and its verification in practice.
ŠPINDLEROVÁ, Martina
Diploma thesis deals with developing and testing of revitalization program which has positive effect on Cellulite-dermopanniculosis deformans. The research presents and evaluates results of revitalization program which took 6 months. Analysis of technical terms, that are closely related to cellulite, is presented in the theoretical part. There are presented views of Czech and foreign experts who deal with issues of cellulit. At the end of theoretical part we focused on available revitalizing methods that are aiming to elliminate cellulit. Experimental investigation was carried out on 60 women who were divided into experimental and control groups. Results are statisticaly processed in the form of graphs and tables and acompanied with discussion.
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