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Adherence to medical regimens by hypertensive patients
KUBÁTOVÁ, Veronika
Introduction: The bachelor thesis deals with an adherence of regime measures by patients with hypertension. Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. Regime measures are the basis of treatment, which include weight loss, regular exercise, limiting salt in the diet, quitting smoking, abstinence from alcohol and reducing stress. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out whether patients over the age of 50 with hypertension are informed about the regime measures and whether they comply them. Methodology: A quantitative method was chosen for the research part of the thesis. The data was collected by using a self-constructed questionnaire that included 25 questions. The research group consisted of patients older than 50 years suffering from hypertension who were hospitalized in a medical facility in the South Bohemian Region. Results: It was found out that respondents' knowledge of lifestyle measures related to the treatment of hypertension differs statistically significantly by gender (p = 2%), but does not differ by age (p = 72%). The data shows that women have more knowledge than men. Compliance of regime measures also differs statistically significantly by gender (p = 1.8%), but does not vary by age (30.5%). Women follow the measures more consistently than men. Respondents aged between 61 and 70 showed the best results, both in knowledge and compliance, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the results have provided a fairly satisfactory picture of patients' knowledge, it is still important that people with hypertension are regularly educated. The thesis can serve as a source of information for both laymen and paramedics. An educational leaflet has been created for hypertensive patients with basic information that every hypertensive patient should know.
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Criminal liability in health care
Lepáček, Marek ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šelleng, Dalibor (referee)
1 Criminal liability in health care (abstract in English) The purpose of this rigorous thesis is to point out the criminal liability of health services providers, particular for doctors as individuals as well as for hospitals as legal entities. This thesis is divided into four chapters and, moreover, the integral part of it is also one attachment. The first chapter defines the basic legal terms in health care, such as informed consent, informed disagreement, the lege artis procedure, medical documentation and confidentiality. These institutions appear in health care mostly and their detailed definition will help the reader to better understand the goal of this work. Due to the fact that this thesis is aimed to criminal liability, the particular legal terms are defined especially in criminal matters too. The second chapter entitled as Criminal offences in health care hides in itself the individual crimes that a doctor may commit during the performance of his profession, both intentionally and negligently. In this chapter, not all crimes are defined, but especially those that occur to be most frequently in health care, eventually those which appear to be the most interesting in relation with the health care. Due to the fact that there is also the relevant case law in connection with some of the crimes, for...
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The communication between a nurse and a patient with autistic spectrum disorders.
VANŽUROVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of communication between a nurse and a patient with autism spectrum disorder (then only "ASD"). The theoretical part of this thesis contains basic information concerning not only verbal, but also non-verbal communication in nursing which is very significant for the communication process for persons with ASD. In this part, there is described the role of a nurse in communicating with a patient possessing normal communication skill in context of findings concerning the patients who have impaired communication abilities. The patients with ASD belong into this group. There is an essay in this thesis which solves the autism spectrum disorders, their definition, classification, causes, diagnosis and possible treatment. This essay describes the symptoms of a patient with the above named disorder in communication and trying to find possible solutions to overcome communication barriers between actors of communication. A nursing conception Kathryn E. Barnard provides a solution of communication barriers in nurses' work, whose performance is discussed in a separate chapter. We also try to show the methods that may help the nurse in this very specific communication. The empirical part of the thesis presents the results of a qualitative research survey implemented by using a semi-structured interview. The main aim of this research was to explore the specifics of communication between a paediatric nurse and a patient with autistic spectrum disorder. This goal is related to the second aim, it is to find out the level of nurses' knowledge in terms of communication with a patient. The third goal is mapping of the experience of family members of children with autism spectrum disorders in communication. Research questions were created in connection with the aims of the thesis. 1) What are the specifics of the communication with a patient suffering from ADS? 2) What is the level of knowledge of selected paediatric nurses in communication with a patient with ADS? What difficulties do the nurses have in communication with patients with ADS? 4) What experiences have the family member in communication with a nurse? With regard established goals, two research groups were established; the first one was formed by a group of nurses with experience in paediatrics and the second one was made by family members of children suffering from autism spectrum disorder. The snowball sampling method was used in order to find suitable respondents, especially in the second group of respondents. The results were subjected to a thorough analysis using open coding by using the method of "pencil and paper". The survey revealed that the selected nurses in most cases have basic information about the issue. The statements of family members are in conflict with nurses' statements. This is because it shows the fact that the general awareness of nurses is not so straightforward and that there are situations where communication does not happen in a manner which would correspond to communication skills of patients with ASD. Selected nurses have, in most cases enough information, but they are not able to put these information into practice.The results of our research cannot be generalized to all nurses working in paediatrics. This is confirmed by family members, who describe, unlike nurses, both pleasant and unpleasant experience associated with communication with the nurse. Given the fact that awareness of nurses is mainly linked to their personal interest in the issue, it cannot be said that the theme of specifics of communication between a nurse and a patient with ASD is treated with ample space under the training of nurses. We ourselves in the course of making this thesis encountered with difficulties associated with insufficient literary sources, which would focus on the issue of communication in nursing process with patients suffering from ASD.
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The Specific of Nursing Care in Patient Undergoing the Examination of Bone Marrow
ČOUDKOVÁ, Marie
Haematology is a medical field. It is the study ofblood cells. It studies blood cells from the point of their morphology, quantity and function. The clinical haematology focuses on the irregularities in a patient´s blood and studies how the irregularitiesdiffer from the patient´s normal physiological condition. Due to this work haematology can help with diagnosis of other diseases. In haematology many investigative methods are used. One of them is aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow which is a hematopoietic tissue daily producing a large number of blood cells. Unless the formation of blood cells is sufficient enough, the disabled person may be at risk of their life. When the function of bone marrow is affected the patient may be impinged by serious infections, anemia risk or bleeding tendency. Bone marrow is examined for suspicion of haematological or oncology illnesses. Therefore, it has a very important rolein diagnosis of these. It is performed bya prolonged fever, mainly among the people who have a bad immune system. For blood collection are used investigative methodswhich consist ofaspiration and percutaneous bone marrow biopsy. These physical examinations provide some pieces of information about the condition and the ability of the blood cells´ production of bone marrow. Very important part of this physical examination is a specific nursing care. This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the specific nursing care of the patients who undergo the examinations of bone marrow. This thesis mainly includes the methods of bone marrow harvest, how the patients are informed about the examination of bone marrow,the patients´ nursing care after the operation and the role of a nurse at the haematological ward. The introduction of the theoretical part involves physiology of bone marrow and the study of haematology. The other parts discuss indication for bone marrow examination, haematological and oncological illnesses, bone marrow aspiration or percutaneous biopsy of bone marrow. The large part of the thesis deals with bone marrow aspiration, the process of the operation and the nursing care. It also focuses on percutaneous biopsy of marrow bone where the meaning of the examination and the process of bone marrow harvest operation are explained. At the end of the theoretical part a collection of hematopoietic stem cells from particular peripheral blood in mentioned. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out certain specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo the examination of bone marrow. The following research questions were selected: What are the specifics of nursing care of the patients who undergo trepanobiopsy? What are the specifics of the patients who undergo aspiration (sternal puncture)? What are a preparation and assistance of a nurse during the examination of bone marrow? Which roles does the nurse have during the examination of bone marrow? How are the patients informed about the bone marrowexamination? The practical part includes results from a quantitative survey which was a semi-structured interview. The resulting interviews were written and then were processed by a certified coding technique. The research group comprised six nurses working in the haematological ward and six patients who have undergone the examination of bone marrow. Regarding the gathered results, an information brochure was put forward as a part of the thesis (see Annex number 5) and was oriented especially at patients undergoing the bone marrow examination. The brochure will be proposed for practical use at haematological wards.
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