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Elektrické výboje pro využití při čištění vody
Lukeš, Petr ; Člupek, Martin ; Babický, Václav ; Tothová, I. ; Vykouk, T. ; Říhová -Ambrožová, J. ; Janda, V.
Non-equilibrium plasma generated by electrical discharges in liquids initiate various chemical and physical processes that can be potentially utilized in different environmental, biological or medical applications. Depending on the type of the discharge and the input energy these processes include high electric field, ultraviolet radiation, overpressure shock waves and, of particular importance, formation of various reactive chemical species. It has been demonstrated that these physical and chemical processes are capable to inactivate or degrade various microorganisms and chemical compounds dissolved in water. In this presentation an overview of basic principles of electrical discharges in water will be given with particular emhasis to the pulsed (electrohydraulic) discharges, the physical and chemical effects initiated by these discharges in water and their utilization for water treatment applications.
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Vliv intensity míchání na filtrační cykly při úpravě vody
Pivokonský, Martin ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Švec, Martin
The aim of this contribution is to investigate aggregation efficiencies when high (G= 260 s-1) and low (G= 60 s-1) intensity agitation is applied for a treatment of surface water with high content of humic substances in a pilot size operation. It was established that high intensity agitation represented by a fluid layer of granular material (FLGM) can be more effective for an aggregation agitation than low intensity agitation with the help of the perforated baffles (PB). The FLGM improves performance of the filters because the filtration runs in the technological arrangement with FLGM took longer periods compared with low intensity agitation.
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Vliv gradientu rychlosti na morfologické vlastnosti aggregátů
Pivokonský, Martin ; Kysela, Bohuš ; Chára, Zdeněk
This paper summarises the preliminary results concerning an influence of the agitation conditions on the aggregation processes. The properties of formed aggregates affecting the efficiency of separation processes are studied as well. The results show that the applied velocity gradient G, the period of its action T and the distribution of velocity field in an agitated volume of water significantly influence the number of aggregates, their size and shape. Smaller and denser aggregates of a homogeneous size and more resistant to breakage are formed under a higher velocity gradient.
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Inactivation of Escherichia coli by pulsed corona discharge in liquid environment
Vykouk, T. ; Člupek, Martin ; Lukeš, Petr
Although common techniques of water and wastewater treatment are well established, potential for new methods to improve the quality and effectiveness of water purification processing is still high. Among a number of methods that are under development, the pulsed corona discharge in water represents a promising alternative approach of chemical and biological decontamination of water. In this work the effects of corona discharge in water on bacteria Escherichia coli has been investigated. The contribution of UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide in the overall bacterial inactivation efficiency of the discharge was determined.
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Forms of aluminium in waters and ways of their removing
Tomášková, Hana ; Benešová, L.
The aluminium exists in various species in the environment. The toxicity of aluminium is not only determined by the total aluminium concentration, but also closely related to the aluminium species. Specific aluminium fraction have been analyzed from two drinking water reservoirs Pilská and Lázská in Czech Republic and also in treated water from these reservoirs.
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Hygienizační účinky impulsních korónových výbojů ve vodním prostředí
Vykouk, T. ; Člupek, Martin ; Lukeš, Petr
In recent years, several types of reactors (point-plate, composite wire-cylinder, diaphragm-cylinder) to generate pulsed corona discharges in water have been developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Plasmochemical effects of these discharges on removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions have been studied. The effects of corona discharges on microorganisms in water are investigated in cooperation with the Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering of the Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague. In this work the results of the effects of corona discharge in water generated in pinhole reactor on viability of aqueous suspensions of algae Chlorella vulgaris, Desmodesmus qudricauda, bacterial culture of Enterococcus faecalis, and the mixture of thermophilic bacterias in activated sludge from biological wastewater treatment plant, are presented.
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Influence of agitation on separability of the aggregates
Mutl, Silvestr ; Pivokonský, Martin
The aggregation agitation influences the properties of aggregates being formed which, in turn, decisively influence their separation capabilities. It is evident from the experimental results that the conditions of agitation have to be optimised with respect to the raw water quality and the separation method applied. The results show that the mean velocity gradients greater than G = 100 s-1 are more convenient for separation of floc aggreagates.
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