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Reduction of risks of explosive atmospheres in coating plants
Lužný, Jan ; Trávníček, Petr (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deals with conditions of explosion, areas with danger of an explosion and their division into individual zones. Furthermore the thesis is focused to options for a reduction of risks of explosion and takes into account the coating plants by using primary, secondary and constructional prevention. It describes the recommendations and options for reduction of the explosion creation, eventually its results.
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Stress-strain analysis of the thin wall structure subjected to impact load
Tatalák, Adam ; Peč, Michal (referee) ; Návrat, Tomáš (advisor)
This master thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of simplified model of the thin wall transformer case subjected to impact load of electrical blast. Electrical blast is replaced by chemical blast (detonation of high explosive). The problem is solved using computational modeling utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and LS-DYNA solver. After the introduction where detonation and shock wave propagation is explained the analytical approach is presented. This approach serves to results verification. In the next chapter is conducted research of applicable methods from which ALE method is chosen. In preliminary study is performed the mesh size analysis that is focused on finding the size of element which is both computational effective and gives accurate results. Next the infulence of input conditions (shape, location and parametres of high explosive, location of detonation point, boundary conditions) on distribution and time progress of pressure is investigated. Then influence of the opening on upper side of the case on overall pressure redistribution and strain and stress of the case is analysed. The stress-strain analysis of the case´s door which are connected to case by various types of contact models is performed as well as stiffness analysis of these types of contact.
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Multidisciplinary Cooperation and the Role of a Nurse in Patient Care Affected by Blast Syndrome
KOPULETÁ, Martina
Blast injury is a very serious lesion caused by the shock wave resulting from an explosion. Further secondary injuries can arise from burying under debris, pieces of shards from the explosive cover, at burning, poisonous gases created by chemical reactions during detonation. The injuries often happen to be fatal and the percentage of people who survive it depends on the fact how far from the epicentre they were situated. If the individual is very close, there is almost no chance to survive, if, however, the individual is situated further from the epicentre, a few tens of meters, the chance is higher. It is so called mass disaster, which includes more injured people at an explosion. Therefore it is necessary for nurses and the hospital staff to know what the procedures are at this incident and how to take medical and nursing care of higher number of such patients suffering from blast injury. The care itself is extremely demanding, since the injured are often in critical condition. The aim of this diploma thesis, the topic of which is multidisciplinary cooperation and the role of a nurse when taking care of the patients suffering from blast injury, was to find out the information based on the latest Czech and foreign literature and create a compact overview of the knowledge of this issue, for it is necessary to have this knowledge to carry out nursing care of such patients. The second aim of this diploma thesis was to map the role of a nurse in details when taking care of a patient suffering from blast injury. This aim was stated for the reason of the demanding character and complexity of nursing care at urgent reception and anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit because the nurses at these units are placed demands on high qualification and requirements. This diploma thesis was purely elaborated as theoretical thesis based on Czech and foreign sources. The given pieces of information were obtained from a great deal of professional and scientific publications, monographs, professional journals and internet sources for each chapter. The first part of the thesis was dedicated to the description of the given issue, pre-hospital care and classifying algorithms that are used at mass health losses in such way so that the injured people have a higher chance to survive. The crisis management at hospitals, the reception of the injured, the care at the urgent unit and finally the follow-up care at the anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit are worked out in the following part. Thereafter the theoretical part focuses on nursing care at the critical care department where the nursing care of a patient suffering from blast injury is described as well as the duties of a nurse. The needed competences of a nurse working at the urgent unit, anaesthesiology and resuscitation unit are also defined in this chapter. According to the valid Czech legislation, only specially trained nurses for intensive care should take care of the patients with blast injury because the extent of their competence for intensive care is many times higher than general nurses have. The last chapter deals with team and multidisciplinary cooperation among the doctors and hospital staff as well as the cooperation concerning the pre-hospital care of the emergency services at emergency incident, for their active and quality communication are the keys for good and well done work with the least consequences.
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Stress-strain analysis of the thin wall structure subjected to impact load
Tatalák, Adam ; Peč, Michal (referee) ; Návrat, Tomáš (advisor)
This master thesis deals with stress-strain analysis of simplified model of the thin wall transformer case subjected to impact load of electrical blast. Electrical blast is replaced by chemical blast (detonation of high explosive). The problem is solved using computational modeling utilizing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and LS-DYNA solver. After the introduction where detonation and shock wave propagation is explained the analytical approach is presented. This approach serves to results verification. In the next chapter is conducted research of applicable methods from which ALE method is chosen. In preliminary study is performed the mesh size analysis that is focused on finding the size of element which is both computational effective and gives accurate results. Next the infulence of input conditions (shape, location and parametres of high explosive, location of detonation point, boundary conditions) on distribution and time progress of pressure is investigated. Then influence of the opening on upper side of the case on overall pressure redistribution and strain and stress of the case is analysed. The stress-strain analysis of the case´s door which are connected to case by various types of contact models is performed as well as stiffness analysis of these types of contact.
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Reduction of risks of explosive atmospheres in coating plants
Lužný, Jan ; Trávníček, Petr (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deals with conditions of explosion, areas with danger of an explosion and their division into individual zones. Furthermore the thesis is focused to options for a reduction of risks of explosion and takes into account the coating plants by using primary, secondary and constructional prevention. It describes the recommendations and options for reduction of the explosion creation, eventually its results.
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Explosives - Teaching Material for Students Studying the Specialization in Protection of the Population.
KŘÍŽ, Jan
I focused my work as to become a comprehensive material about explosives. Furthermore, there are divided and described particular tips of explosions and the effects of explosions on the surrounding environment are explained. I have described the elementary separation of explosives and their use. It also includes the problematic issue of home-produced explosives. The next chapter turns to trap explosive systems which have been used now for terrorist attacks or for committing serious crime. Given that, in the Czech Republic there still is a large amount of ammunition and war munitions left behind by the Soviet army here {--} in my work, there it is explained what ammunition is, what places we could come accross it, and what risks have resulted from that all for the public. In conclusion, I cite the legislation and regulations that relate to the use of explosives. All the work I focused as to be a teaching tool that is primarily aimed at students who study a specialization concerning the protection of population, it is for the employees of the ``IZS{\crq}q (Integrated Emergency System) units and for the staff of crisis management.
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Activities of Special pyrotechnical squad of Police of CR during hypermarket bomb-attack
MACH, Vladimír
The theme of my bachelor work is {\clqq}Activities of Special pyrotechnical squad of Police of the Czech Republic during hypermarket bomb-attack announcement (in South Bohemia region)``. I have chosen this theme because I have been working as a member of the police SWAT team and I cooperate with other units during police interventions and bomb-attack announcements very often. I want to write about and we must realize that these people are every day in pyrotechnist work because I think that the success of the intervention depends just on their work. I could personally make certain of the fact that pyrotechnist work is extremely exacting because of professionalism and a risk danger of their life to protect other people from possible threats. South Bohemian Pyrotechnists are professionals but their quality cannot be fully used due to problematical communication with other police units, units of the integrated rescue system and stuff from places threaten by bomb-attacks. I have devided my work into several parts {--} in the first part I will describe theoretical aspects of pyrotechnists work not only during the intervention with an accent on a necessity of cooperation with other units. Then I will describe practical methods of operation beginning with announcement of bomb-attacks and finishing by the police intervention. In the end I will try to show the way how to solve the problem of cooperation concerning the South Bohemian pyrotechists. In my work I would like to underline the cooperation of all units of the integrated rescue system when lives of lots of people are in danger. I would like to describe work of pyrotechnists-professionals who have the courage to protect people lives. Moreover I want to mention the problem that the public is not informed enough as for problems of bomb-attacks.
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