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Laboratory methods for diagnostic infections total prosthesis articulations
HRONÍČKOVÁ, Lenka
Prosthesis articulations and their infectious complications are currently a much discussed problem among orthopaedists and microbiologists. The most operations are performed especially at hip and knee joints. The main reason for their most frequent damage is secondly the fact that endoprostheses of these joints have a good possibility of fixing of plastic materials into the bone and a long lifetime. Endoprostheses are used also in joints of shoulders, elbows etc. Despite of all aseptic procedures infection development sometimes appears. This complication is the most common cause of endoprostheses damage and it is often the reason for re-operation. The development of infection depends on interactions between a micro-organism, prosthesis articulations and a host. Bacterial agents causing infections of prosthesis articulations include gram-positive cocci, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, sometimes even streptococci. Further they could be gram-negative bars, especially Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species a Serratia marcescens etc. In mixed infections there can also appear anaerobic bacteria, especially Propionibacterium acnes and anaerobic streptococci. Most of bacterial agents are a part of so called bio film, which is important for bacteria and their survival. Bacteria in bio film acquire matrix protection against the effect of antibodies and phagocytes and also against the effects of antibiotics. Implementation of new laboratory procedures and methods, when among others ultrasound is used to destroy bio film, and making further cultivation and identification of infectious agents easier proved as a contribution. It leads to significantly higher capture of etiological agents of infectious complications of prosthesis articulations and this way it contributes to better securing of re-implantations. Procedures and methods presented in this thesis can be used in other modifications at examination of other inorganic materials and implantations and at examination of tissues taken out of patient ´s body at various infectious complications. Presented thesis compares laboratory procedures and methods used so far at OLM (Department of Medical Microbiology) in Nemocnice Jindřichův Hradec, a.s. (Hospital in Jindřichův Hradec, Ltd.) with laboratory procedures newly implemented for this purpose to examine infections of prosthesis articulations in cooperation with the author of presented thesis in spring months of 2008.
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Disturbing artifacts of radiodiagnostic modalities
ŠEDA, Miroslav
This work gives information on machines used for diagnostic imaging aimed to disturbing scan artefacts of chosen device (CT, MR, USG). Radiology assistant work still more depends on technique which helps in examination. The machines used for clients´ examination are thanks to IT development still more complicated. They allow high-quality and precious images, give more possibilities of treatment ways, save the client. Operating this technique is the domain of radiology assistants. Development without restrain leads to period when operating staff will work more independently. It is necessary for the radiology assistant to manage all steps in examinations which are undergone. He has to keep radiation protection and the quality of the image result as well. The result of most diagnostic examination in radiology department is image information. Image results can be from various reasons changed or deformed in comparison with the reality. Such distorted images can lead up to mistaken or late diagnosis by the physician. Radiology assistant is the first specialist who must be able to judge whether the examination has been done correctly or to warn the physician of possible variation or image deformation. Moderation or suppression of artefacts in image results in examination is easy in some cases. Then it is enough to explain the process of examination to the client and to emphasize how important is to cooperate with the staff. In some cases is technically impossible to impact the manifestation of artefacts as it results from the principle of examination method, or because of high financial costs unbearable for the health institute. In my work I aimed to image artefacts of machines (CT, MR, USG) which can be met in common clinical practice. I tried to document these image artefacts in common running. Part of my work is to describe the causes of artefacts appearance and the way how to avoid or remove their manifestation.
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Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta
SEDLÁČKOVÁ, Eva
Abstract Methods of Visualization for Diagnostic Aneurysmats Abdominal Aorta The subject of my work is to define frequency of individual methods of vizualization which are used to diagnostic aneurysmats abdominal aorta. The work contains also a research which enabled me to get a view of the role of radiographics at work. The questionnaire which should have found out the role of radiographics during CT and MR angiography, the instrumentaion of the individual working places and some technical parameters passed through at first. The obtained data were worked up two ways and the questionnaire was analysed. The second part of my work was to define the frequency of single methods of vizualization for a certain collection of patients. With the help of data, which were obtained from the system PACS in Nemocnice Na Homolce, the frequency of examinations with ultrasound, angiography, CT and MR angiography was defined. The definition of the radiation loading, which the patients from the collection during CT angiography were screened, followed. I also dealt with the estimate of the radiation loading of each patient during diagnostic angiography. Publications refering to this subject, the questionnaire, the data obtained from PACS and from the operation log of Nemocnice Na Homolce were the main sources to process the information. The method which is used the most frequently to diagnose aneurysmats abdominal aorta is CT angiography with the intravenous application of the contrast medium. Ultrasound is another significant method. It is clear from the questionnaire that responsibilities of radiographics are nearly the same at every working place. My work could be used as studying material for trainers.
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Diagnosis and endovascular treatment of iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease
PĚČKOVÁ, Kristýna
The occlusion disorder in the area pelvic and femoral arteries should be for the patient fatal health complication. Therefore it is important know all risks, which should go before, know the disorder and last but not least is a crucial chapter diagnostics and in final phase treatment. I chose this subject, with the view of give to pertinent readers all above - mentioned information on those problems. For diagnostics of occlusion disorder we use imaging radiodiagnostic methods. For spatial display were developed method of spiral CT angiography ( CTA ), magnetic resonance angiography ( MRA ), a modification of classical angiography {--} digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and ultrasonografi (UZ). UZ is part of the basic investigate method of his noninvazive. Spiral CTA is method, which is based on two and three dimensional display using special programmes. Display magnetic resonance is noninvasive examination procedure and is derived from classical nuclear MR. MRA is once from possible examination practice which serves complex information on relation surrounding weaving to vessels and haemodynamic blood flow. DSA allows observation of flow vessels and by the help of digitizing image its graphical processing. Medication of okluziv disorder areas saucepan s and femur s arterys including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA ) and implantation stent.
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Impact of the orientation and width of wood rings on the spreading of ultrasound in the wood structure
Kloiber, Michal ; Kotlínová, M.
The subject of the paper is the relationship between ultrasound wave velocity in wood, tree rings orientation and width, and wood mechanical properties (MOE in our case). For measuring, the Arborsonic Decay Detector has been chosen. Sound velocity decreased from radial to tangential direction of measurement. In groups with radial (3) and diagonal (2) position of tree ring, increasing of tree ring width has increased sound velocity. In group with tangential tree ring position no significant influence of tree ring width has been found.
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Effect of ultrasound pulsations on suspension sedimentation
Suchánková, A. ; Kysela, Bohuš ; Chára, Zdeněk ; Ditl, P.
The paper presents results of a gravity settling of a model suspension. Experiments have been carried out for two configurations. The first experiment involved natural gravity settling; in the second case the ultrasound pulsations were introduced. Ultrasound field was provided by 20 kHz horn acting through a wall of settling vessel. Three kaolin suspensions of volume concentrations 3.8; 7.6; 11.4 % were used. It has been found that there is no significant influence of ultrasound pulsations on suspension settling.
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