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Extraction of selected elderberry flavonoids for food industry purposes
Grulichová, Hana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Amount of rutin and quercetin in bark and leaves from different type of Sambucus nigra was determined in this diploma thesis. Records of amounts were compared with amounts in significant sources of these flavonoids. Matters from raw matrix were obtained with pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). There was use temperature 120°C, pressure 150 bar, three times 5-min cycles for PSE. There were used 80°C, 150 bar, three 5-min cycles for rutin extracted with PHWE and the same condition were used for extraction of quercetin only the temperature was changed to 100 °C. Analysis of rutin and quercetin were carry out high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD), where was used SUPELCOSILTM LC 8DB column (5µm; 250 x 4.6 mm). Methanol: water: formic acid (36: 61.5: 2.5, pH 2.17 2.28) was used like a mobile phase. The flow of the mobile phase was set up 0.7 ml/min. Size of sample was 10 µl. The most amount of rutin was determined in the leaves of wild kind of Sambucus nigra with methanol extraction and hot water too. Extraction with PHWE was more effectively. There were determined 5.58 mg of rutin in one gram of sample from wild Sambucus nigra. There were determined the smallest amount of rutin in Sambucus nigra Körsör. There was found only 0.13 mg/g with extraction PHWE. The quercetin wasn’t determined in any Sambucus nigra leaves. There were found both of the flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in the branch of Sambucus nigra. The rutin was determined in the small amount in wild kind but it was found in the important amount in Sambucus nigra cultivar. Whereas the quercetin was found in higher concentration than rutin when was finding the ideal conditions for extraction of branch. The quercetin was chosen like more important in light of amount. In the end the quercetin wasn’t detected in any Sambucus nigra cultivars. The most amount of quercetin was determined in wild sambucus nigra, 0.24 mg/g. The most amount of rutin was found in Sambucus nigra Albida, 2.33 mg/g.
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Srovnání antioxidačních vlastností a absorbce UV záření u extraktů vybraných bylin, Spiruliny a jejich směsí
Farinasso, Giulia
This study aimed to compare the antioxidant properties and UV radiation absorption of se-lected herbal extracts, blue-green algae spirulina extract and their mixtures. Extracts were ob-tained by ultrasound assisted extraction. The total polyphenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were determined, and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was meas-ured. The best antioxidant properties has been showed by C. officinalis individual extract and its mixture with spirulina. Additionally, the UV-absorbing substances at 355 nm were quanti-fied. The extracts from C. officinalis and S. nigra were further analysed for their rutin content by HPLC-DAD. The rutin content in S. nigra and C. officinalis extracts was found to be 1935,97 ± 98,39 μg.g-1 and 233,035 ± 8,839 μg.g-1 of dry weight of flos, respectively. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in the S. nigra extract, and the highest total antioxidant capacity was determined for the C. officinalis extract. Pearson's correlation re-vealed that the overall antioxidant capacity and UV absorption results were significantly cor-related with the total phenolic compound content only for the elderflower extract. The syner-gistic effect of the herbs used in combination with spirulina was evaluated.
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Možnosti využití plodů volně rostoucích rostlin a dřevin na mezích ve vybrané části katastrálního území obce Hutisko-Solanec
Vančurová, Jana
This thesis deals with the possibilities of using the fruits of wild plants and trees within a selected area of the cadastral municipality Hutisko-Solanec. In this area the occurrence survey of fruiting plants and trees on boundaries was carried out from August to October 2016. Collections were made, identified potential yield and their use for elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticocus L.) and rose (Rosa canina L.). Average potential yield from 1 m2 for fresh fruits has been set 225,369 g for elderberry, 213,707 g for blackberry and 74,018 g for dog rose.
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Anthocyanins from some cultivars of Sambucus nigra L. fruits. I.
Leharová, Eva ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Elderberry is a traditional herb which has always been used in folk medicine. The berries contain many biologically active compounds, from which antocyanins are the most important. The fruits also contain flavonoids, organic acids, suggars, cyanogenic glycosides and another compounds such as vitamins, tannins, amino acids, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. The berries are used in food industry for production of marmelade, fruit syrups, wine and another delicacies. The drug Sambuci fructus is currently a subject of interest in pharmacy and medicine. The research examines the beneficial effects of antocyanins on human health and the possible use of antocyanins in medicine and pharmacy. Antocyanins exhibit a strong antioxidant activity, which can potentially be used for treating cardiovascular, tumor or metabolic disorders. The possibility of using the antioxidant effects in treatment for example hyperlipidemia, obesity and metabolic disorder is investigated. The listed effects can be also important as protection against oxidative damage of cells in diabetes mellitus. The antiinflammatory and antiinfective action is also important, it was investigated for both viral and antibacterial infections. At the same time it was shown, that elderberry could act as an effective immunostimulant. The ability of...
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Anthocyanins from some cultivars of Sambucus nigra L. fruits. II
Brychtová, Jana ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
The fruits of elderberry - Sambuci fructus are used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Fruits contain anthocyanins and flavonoids in addition to cyanogenic glycoside sambunigrin, organic acids, vitamins, sugars. Fruits from cultivated varieties are not used in pharmaceutically yet. The content of anthocyanins in the fruits of Sambucus nigra L. varieties Alessö, Bohatka, Haschberg, Mammut, Sambo, Sambo, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl, Weihenstephan and wild elderberry was determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of anthocyanins was recalculated for dried fruits and expressed by percentage of cyanidin chloride. Cultivated varieties shown lower values of anthocyanins than wild elderberry excerpt for Samyl variety. Statistically significant differences were found between contents of anthocyanins of varieties.
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Microscopy of Sambuci fructus from cultivars of Sambucus nigra.
Applová, Lenka ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Candidate: Lenka Applová Consultant: doc. Dr. Jiřina Spilková, CSc. Microscopy of Sambuci fructus from cultivars of Sambucus nigra Sambucus nigra L. is the important plant of the traditional folk medicine, its knowledge is accepted in the pharmaceutical and food industry. The elderberry fruits are used as diaphoretic, diuretic, during the migraine and neurological difficulties. On the grounds of the rising demand the collection of the wild-growing berries do not suffice and that is the reason for growing the elderberry and its cultivated varieties in plantations. The cultivated varieties of elderberry, which are grown for the use of the fruits in the food industry, could be exactly provided the quality drug for pharmaceutical use. The thesis is focused on the research of the microscopic characteristics of the elderberries fruits wild-growing elderberry and its cultivated varieties Allesö, Bohatka, Haschberg, Mamut, Sambo, Sambu, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl and Weihenstephan, which originated from the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. The berries of the wild- growing elderberry were obtained in the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Herbs of Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. The...
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Antioxidant properties of Sambucus nigra flower extracts.
Štěpánová, Zuzana ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
1. Abstract Purpose of this thesis was to prove and determine antioxidant activity of flower extracts from black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) and compile summary of their content substances and effects. Sambuci flos is often used in natural therapy and food industry. The main content substances are flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, further are contained in flowers sterols, mucilage, essential oils, tannins. Flavonoids are the most significant, specifically rutin and kvercetin, because they can show antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Flowers are used mainly for their diuretic, diaforetic, expectorant, analgetic effects. Method DPPH (2,2-difenyl-1- pikrylhydrazyl) was used for determination antioxidant activity of methanolic flower extracts. Results of antioxidant activity were expressed as IC50 values (concentration of extract which causes 50% reduction of radical). The average observed IC50values were 0,79 mg/ml and 0,83 mg/ml. The individual IC50values have changed fluently during development of flowers, they range from 1,086 mg/ml and 0,701 mg/ml in both collections. Deviations can be caused by ongoing synthesis of the secondary metabolites.
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Extraction of selected elderberry flavonoids for food industry purposes
Grulichová, Hana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Amount of rutin and quercetin in bark and leaves from different type of Sambucus nigra was determined in this diploma thesis. Records of amounts were compared with amounts in significant sources of these flavonoids. Matters from raw matrix were obtained with pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). There was use temperature 120°C, pressure 150 bar, three times 5-min cycles for PSE. There were used 80°C, 150 bar, three 5-min cycles for rutin extracted with PHWE and the same condition were used for extraction of quercetin only the temperature was changed to 100 °C. Analysis of rutin and quercetin were carry out high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD), where was used SUPELCOSILTM LC 8DB column (5µm; 250 x 4.6 mm). Methanol: water: formic acid (36: 61.5: 2.5, pH 2.17 2.28) was used like a mobile phase. The flow of the mobile phase was set up 0.7 ml/min. Size of sample was 10 µl. The most amount of rutin was determined in the leaves of wild kind of Sambucus nigra with methanol extraction and hot water too. Extraction with PHWE was more effectively. There were determined 5.58 mg of rutin in one gram of sample from wild Sambucus nigra. There were determined the smallest amount of rutin in Sambucus nigra Körsör. There was found only 0.13 mg/g with extraction PHWE. The quercetin wasn’t determined in any Sambucus nigra leaves. There were found both of the flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in the branch of Sambucus nigra. The rutin was determined in the small amount in wild kind but it was found in the important amount in Sambucus nigra cultivar. Whereas the quercetin was found in higher concentration than rutin when was finding the ideal conditions for extraction of branch. The quercetin was chosen like more important in light of amount. In the end the quercetin wasn’t detected in any Sambucus nigra cultivars. The most amount of quercetin was determined in wild sambucus nigra, 0.24 mg/g. The most amount of rutin was found in Sambucus nigra Albida, 2.33 mg/g.
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