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Antropogenní tlaky na stav půd‚ vodní zdroje a vodní ekosystémy v české části mezinárodního povodí Labe: Migrace škodlivých látek v povodí Labe (radionuklidy – tritium)
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Novák, Michal ; Kluganostová, Martina ; Ivanovová, Diana ; Hanslík, Eduard
Cílem úkolu je: Získání dat objemové aktivity tritia (kontinuálních s rovnoměrnou četností nebo v epizodách se zvětšenou četností) k popisu odtoku aktivity (bilance) tritia v profilech Vltava Solenice, Vltava Praha a Labe Hřensko. Zjištění pozadí tritia na území povodí Labe v povrchových vodách nezatížených odpadními vodami z bodových zdrojů (JE Temelín, ÚJV Řež apod.). Posouzení možností snížení minimální detekovatelné aktivity tritia (MDA) u vzorků pozadí. Vyhodnocení odtoku aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech po odečtení odtoku aktivity tritia odpovídající pozadí. Vyjádření depozice tritia na území českého úseku povodí Labe se srážkami. Posouzení shody mezi bilancí aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech na základě sledování a údajů o bilanci aktivity tritia uvolňované s odpadními vodami JE Temelín. Na vybrané modelové lokalitě bude hodnocen vliv kontaminace Labe tritiem na změny objemové aktivity tritia ve vodě z břehové infiltrace na základě rekognoskace terénu. Činnosti v roce 2007: Lokalizace profilů pro hodnocení odtoku tritia a profilů pro stanovení pozadí, ověření možností vyhodnocení odtoku tritia s využitím rozborů s malou četností odběrů vzorků. Rešerše a hodnocení časového vývoje výskytu tritia v hydrosféře po testech jaderných zbraní. Sledování tritia v odtoku z VN Orlík.
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Antropogenní tlaky na stav půd‚ vodní zdroje a vodní ekosystémy v české části mezinárodního povodí Labe: Migrace škodlivých látek v povodí Labe (radionuklidy – tritium)
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Kalová, Hana ; Komárek, Michal ; Novák, Michal ; Ivanovová, Diana ; Blažková, Šárka ; Hanslík, Eduard
Získávání dat objemové aktivity tritia (kontinuálních s rovnoměrnou četností nebo v epizodách se zvětšenou četností) k popisu odtoku aktivity (bilance) tritia v profilech Vltava Solenice, Vltava Praha a Labe Hřensko. Zjištění pozadí tritia na území povodí Labe v povrchových vodách nezatížených odpadními vodami z bodových zdrojů (JE Temelín, ÚJV Řež apod.). Posouzení možností snížení minimální detekovatelné aktivity tritia (MDA) u vzorků pozadí. Vyhodnocení odtoku aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech po odečtení odtoku aktivity tritia odpovídající pozadí. Vyjádření depozice tritia na území českého úseku povodí Labe se srážkami. Posouzení shody mezi bilancí aktivity tritia v hodnocených profilech na základě sledování a údajů o bilanci aktivity tritia uvolňované s odpadními vodami JE Temelín. Na vybrané modelové lokalitě bude hodnocen vliv kontaminace Labe tritiem na změny objemové aktivity tritia ve vodě z břehové infiltrace na základě rekognoskace terénu. Zpráva obsahuje recenzované nebo publikované příspěvky vztahující se k řešení problému.
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The system of the safe storing of radioactive waste
NEUMANNOVÁ, Kateřina
We can hardly imagine today{\crq}s modern word of 21st century without usage of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation. We meet them in nuclear energetics, industry, health service and other different fields. Similarly to other human activities even here waste rises {--} radioactive waste which can be dangerous for a man and for the whole environment. Therefore it is very important to deal with it according to existing rules. Radioctive waste rises even in the Czech Republic and that is why an enhanced attention is very necessary here. Therefore I would like to break into these problems as much as I can and I would like to describe these problems in my bachelor work so that everybody is informed about basic information how to deal with radioactive waste in an understandable form. I think that everybody in this country, regardless to their education, should have a basic overview about problems of radioactive waste. I would be very pleased if this bachelor work could help people interested in these problems and if my work is used as an educational material. If readers find new interesting information, my work will be even more useful.
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Health and safety at work with sources of ionizing radiation in healthcare
Pěnková, Jana ; Spirit, Michal (advisor) ; Soušková, Milena (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse health and safety system in department of nuclear medicine in Kolín hospital and evaluate its compliance with czech legislation. The thesis is compsed of four chapters. Chapter One gives a general introduction to health and safety issues and describes most important aspect of general health and safety legislation. Chapter Two explains the basic terms of ionizing radiation and radioactivity and focuses mainly on radiation protection, which is closely linked to the health and safety area. Chapter Three defines the legislative and institutional framework of health and safety in the area of ionizing radiation. This chapter is a starting point for Chapter Four, which analyzes the health and safety system in department of nuclear medicine in Kolín hospital, compares it with legislation requirements and evaluates the compliance.
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The study of radioactivity and radiation problems and their comprehension by laical public
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Romana
Radiation and radioactivity {--} these words awaken a sense of insecurity, unknowingness and sometimes even major concerns in many of people. On the other hand, only few people really have the right and sufficient information on this topic that is considered very important but also complicated and hard to understand. In my opinion, the majority of the public has no access to professional information on use of ionizing radiation and radioactivity. Therefore, they have insufficient knowledge of the topic and this fact results in concerns and fear of radiation that the public may hold. The hypothesis whether the amateur public is mainly afraid of medical sources of radiation, was determined for research in my bachelor thesis. Furthermore, I set several sub-hypotheses in order to gain a general picture of the points at issue and eliminate any ambiguous results. Moreover, the quantitative form of research was selected in order to reach the targets and verify the hypotheses. A questionnaire was used as a technique for collecting data. Members of the amateur public {--} patients of the hospital Mulačova nemocnice s r.o. in Pilsen {--} were selected as the statistical set for the purpose of the questionnaire survey. The objective of the thesis was to establish the concerns connected with various types of use of radioactivity and ionizing radiation, provide the objective and coherent perspective of the level of the amateur public{\crq}s awareness in this field, and propose the most effective way of presentation of information in order to spread the general awareness based on the data acquired and statistically processed. I would like to provide my bachelor thesis as a source of information to the general public. Furthermore, I would like to offer the results of this thesis to organizations dealing with these points at issue and as a course material for students of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice.
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Radionuclides in the environment
LEVÝ, Leoš
Radionuclides occurring in the environment on Earth can be divided according to the mechanism of their origin into three main groups. Cosmogenic radionuclides are formed by continual cosmic radiation on the nuclei of stable elements especially in the upper levels of the atmosphere. Terrestrial radionuclides originate directly on our planet. The last group represent anthropogenic radionuclies which occur in the environment due to a controlled activity of man (e.g. nuclear plant outlets) or due to various accidents (the Cernobyl nuclear plant accident). For all mentioned radionuclides I give a description of their occurrence and concentration in the environment and their proportion on the total effective rate a man receives per year. Due to the fact that radon can represent up to 50 % of the total effective rate, it is dealt with in a special chapter. The paper aims at creating a unified overview of occurrence of radionuclides in the environment. To carry out this paper I presumed that there is an insufficient awareness in the inhabitants of the Czech Republic concerning this issue (lack of interest on the part of the population, reception of unverified, incomplete or misrepresented information from mass media or various interest groups). The questionnaire survey, the results of which are part of this paper, confirmed this premise and therefore it is possible to use this paper to improve the awareness concerning the dealt with issue.
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Estimation of Tritium Activity in the River Vltavawith Respect to the Liquid Wastes from the Nuclear Power Plant Temelin.
ŠKOPEK, Petr
The main goal of this Thesis was to measure tritium activity in the Vltava River and in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (hereinafter referred to as JETE) with the following objectives: Possibility to use the outlet of waste water damping unit (hereinafter referred to as VTOOV) as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE, furthermore, monitoring of possible correlations between volume activity of tritium measured in VTOOV and activity above the limit value of the first quality class in selected sections of the Vltava River as well as comparison of the measured values with the results of other authors, and, finally, assessment of the relevance of the water quality estimated by the volume activity of tritium to the water quality according to other ingredients, i.e., stable isotopes of some metals and risk elements as well as general physical and chemical indicators. Theoretical part of the Thesis deals with radioactivity in general, activity of tritium, with regard to operation of nuclear plants, over the world and, especially, in the Czech Republic. The actual work consisted of collection of samples at predetermined places, preparation of these samples for measurement and measurement of tritium activity using scintillation spectrometer with liquid scintillator. Furthermore, basic chemical and physical properties of water, concentration of selected elements and also some anions were determined. The collected data were used for classification of waters from individual collection places into quality classes according to ČSN 75 7221. In all analyzed cases no activities were found which exceeded the limit values of liquid outlets from Temelín Nuclear Power Plant, given by regulations issued on waters by the District Health Office in Ceske Budejovice according to §8 of Act No. 138/73 Coll., in compliance with SÚJB requirements. This Thesis could be beneficial for possible utilization of VTOOV as a control alerting system for nonstandard events in JETE and also for assessment of impact of wastewaters from JETE on waters of the Vltava River.
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