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The issue of evaluating the production of pollutants in the exhaust gases of passenger cars
Jančář, Radek ; Bazala, Jiří (referee) ; Beran, Martin (advisor)
This thesis analyses evaluation of homologation measurment of pollutant production of passenger car in the European union. The measurement methodologies used are described chronologically, including the standarts that describe them. Along with the improvements and disadvantages that the new requirements have brought, it also deals with the impact on new cars and the trends that have affected emisson requirements in the field of car development. The main part of the work deals with the measurement of real driving emissions RDE and describes the issue of this breakthrough methodology.
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Issues of legislative tests in the assessment of exhaust pollutants
Weidenhöfer, Jan ; Svída, David (referee) ; Beran, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with issues of emissions in passenger cars with a focus on legislative tests in the European Union. At first, the reader is briefly informed about the historical context and current legislative requirements for modern passenger cars in Europe and other parts of the world. The following section is devoted to the NEDC driving test, with special emphasis on describing and evaluating the methods by which manufacturers have been able to artificially reduce their car emissions. The main part of the thesis are chapters devoted to newly introduced measurement using global WLTP methodology and especially measurements in real operation RDE. An important part of these chapters is the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of new methodologies and the problems of their implementation.
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Nonplatinum catalysts for polymer exchange membrane fuel cells
Talába, Michal ; Chladil, Ladislav (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This work brings a study about non-platinum catalysts, alkaline membranes and methods that interprets catalytic activity. Work deals with a research on non-platinum catalysts based on MnO2 with addition of support substances, measuring of their properties using cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamics theory. Also a fuel cell measurement of catalytic materials on PVA membrane is executed. The outcome of this work is evaluation of voltammetry and fuel cell measurements. The results of all methods are compared too.
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Study of MnOx properties using RRDE
Podal, Pavel ; Vondrák, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This master thesis deals with qualifications of the catalytic materials for positive electrode low-temperature fuel cells. The teoretical part focuses on the physical and chemical properties of low-temperature fuel cells. There are described methods of hydrodynamic RDE and RRDE. RRDE study utilizes methods linear and cyclic voltammetry for qualifying performance of catalytic materials and presentation of results. The practical part describes the preparation various types of carbon materials. There are monitored the oxygen reduction using RRDE. Catalytic materials are evaluated: CV, stability, kinetic parameters, creation of intermediate H2O2 and kinetics of electrode reactions.
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Cars as sources of polluting substances and greenhouse gases in the light of legislation
Vodička, Jiří ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee)
Submitted thesis focuses on a topic which cannot be described as classical legal topic in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, in times of climate change and general need of shift to zero emission transportation and sustainable development of our society, this topic is very much needed. The thesis provides a general framework of type approval legislation of new vehicles of the EU and national legal system with an emphasis on test cycles such as WLTP and RDE. The thesis analyses Euro emission norms which define thresholds for polluting substances from exhaust fumes and at the same time analyses union legal regulation of CO2 emissions from new vehicles. To fully develop zero emission transportation, it is necessary to have sufficient corresponding infrastructure (e.g. charging stations). Because of this dissertation focuses on legislation concerning alternative infrastructure and selected alternative fuels. The thesis also analyses specific legal instruments (direct and indirect) which could be used as tools for the development of zero emission transportation and for improvement of air quality, especially in urban areas. Within indirect legal instruments, state aid and other financial incentives which can promote the development of zero emission transport are analysed. Direct legal instruments such as...
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The issue of evaluating the production of pollutants in the exhaust gases of passenger cars
Jančář, Radek ; Bazala, Jiří (referee) ; Beran, Martin (advisor)
This thesis analyses evaluation of homologation measurment of pollutant production of passenger car in the European union. The measurement methodologies used are described chronologically, including the standarts that describe them. Along with the improvements and disadvantages that the new requirements have brought, it also deals with the impact on new cars and the trends that have affected emisson requirements in the field of car development. The main part of the work deals with the measurement of real driving emissions RDE and describes the issue of this breakthrough methodology.
|
|
|
Issues of legislative tests in the assessment of exhaust pollutants
Weidenhöfer, Jan ; Svída, David (referee) ; Beran, Martin (advisor)
This work deals with issues of emissions in passenger cars with a focus on legislative tests in the European Union. At first, the reader is briefly informed about the historical context and current legislative requirements for modern passenger cars in Europe and other parts of the world. The following section is devoted to the NEDC driving test, with special emphasis on describing and evaluating the methods by which manufacturers have been able to artificially reduce their car emissions. The main part of the thesis are chapters devoted to newly introduced measurement using global WLTP methodology and especially measurements in real operation RDE. An important part of these chapters is the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of new methodologies and the problems of their implementation.
|
|
|
Nonplatinum catalysts for polymer exchange membrane fuel cells
Talába, Michal ; Chladil, Ladislav (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This work brings a study about non-platinum catalysts, alkaline membranes and methods that interprets catalytic activity. Work deals with a research on non-platinum catalysts based on MnO2 with addition of support substances, measuring of their properties using cyclic voltammetry and hydrodynamics theory. Also a fuel cell measurement of catalytic materials on PVA membrane is executed. The outcome of this work is evaluation of voltammetry and fuel cell measurements. The results of all methods are compared too.
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|
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Study of MnOx properties using RRDE
Podal, Pavel ; Vondrák, Jiří (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
This master thesis deals with qualifications of the catalytic materials for positive electrode low-temperature fuel cells. The teoretical part focuses on the physical and chemical properties of low-temperature fuel cells. There are described methods of hydrodynamic RDE and RRDE. RRDE study utilizes methods linear and cyclic voltammetry for qualifying performance of catalytic materials and presentation of results. The practical part describes the preparation various types of carbon materials. There are monitored the oxygen reduction using RRDE. Catalytic materials are evaluated: CV, stability, kinetic parameters, creation of intermediate H2O2 and kinetics of electrode reactions.
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ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTOR WITH ELECTRODES ARRAY AND ROTATING DISK
SAJDLOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis deals with the testing and optimization of hydrodynamic conditions of the electrochemical detector, which consists of a flow cell containing the electrochemical sensor with an array of electrodes. The flow cell includes a rotating disc-shaped component, which allows radial flow of analytes along the sensor electrodes. This principle imitates the rotating disk electrode, with the difference that here the electrodes are immobile. Hydrodynamic phenomena in this case are similar to RDE. Therefore, the theoretical part of my work deals with hydrodynamics and mass transfer for the well-described case of rotating disk electrode. It was found that in the current set-up under certain conditions, an analyte flowed back from the output cell channel to the sensor, even at the laminar flow. This causes a nonlinear response of the electrodes and their low reproducibility. The solution is to reduce the distance between the rotation component and the electrodes surface and reduce flow speed of analyzed liquid towards the sensor. A novel type of sensor with annular electrodes was designed and tested. It showed four times higher conversion rate of the analyte compared with the originally used AC9 electrochemical sensor having electrodes in the form of full circles lying on a circumference of a common circle. Based on calculations, conversion of the analyte on the plane electrode can be increased up to 100% when using this annular sensor, adjusting flow cell and reducing of the input flow rate. The detector was connected to the liquid chromatograph and its function was tested on two substances - ascorbic acid and dopamine. For the current detector these parameters were set: dynamic range, linearity, noise, detection limit, time constant and the temperature range at which the detector can be operated.
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