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Sociální podnikatelství a voda
Kotálová, Radka ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
This work deals with the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship in the context of the African continent. First of all, it concentrates on the situation in Africa with respect to water and then on the importance of property rights in the resolving of the situation. Subsequently it discusses one of the common attempts to solve the water crisis, i.e. aid. The second part of the thesis is concerned with social entrepreneurship only. Firstly, from the theoretical point of view (definition, typology) and secondly, from the practical point of view (case studies of enterprises that are trying to push Africa closer to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of halving the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water).
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Reinforcement of the Property Rights as a Way how to Alleviate Poverty
Kalauzová, Sonia ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Ždímal, Martin (referee)
The master's thesis discusses a development concept inspired by the Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto. It describes this concept and analyzes its potential to work in praxis. It introduces several critical responses addressed from a wide range of stakeholders - from civil society advocates to scholars -- and contends with their critique. Furthermore, the thesis frames this concept within the development paradigm, with a short overview of its evolution from the 50's and an emphasis on the institutional aspect. The last part analyzes results of the property rights formalization reform in Peru. The outcomes of this reform may be of major importance for the development efforts in the future. Although the anticipated connection of formalization and a better access to loans has not been proved yet, there are some other interesting effects to look at.
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Theory of the Firm from the view of New Institutional Economics and some Aspects of Institutional Framework Quality in the Czech Republic
Vitík, Robert ; Sirůček, Pavel (advisor) ; Soukup, Jindřich (referee) ; Žák, Milan (referee) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
This doctoral thesis presents the basic and the main developments of the theories of the firm rooted in Transaction Cost Theory (TCT). Since the article of Coase on the nature of the firm, this question has been elaborated by number of economists. In my point of view, I would like to introduce the last theory developed by the representative of the school called New Institutional Economics. The theory concentrates on the role of institutions. We distinguish institutions formal and informal. The formal are laws, constitution, regulations, contracts and other written rules. The informal don't require a written form and they represent informal restrictions such as rules of behaviour, conventions, traditions and habits. The main purpose of the institutions in their various forms is mainly to protect property rights, enforce voluntary contracts and establish the physical and regulatory infrastructure to facilitate economic activity. Generally, we can call them the rules of the game. They inform us about possible economic behaviour and give us basic restrictions in this sense. First -- the theoretical part of this thesis, we can find a simple model with human asset specificity based on TCT. The main proposition is that transactions with a high level of asset specificity are more probably internalised because the firm handles better such transactions compared to the market, even if asset specificity increases the cost of coordination in the firm. If the hierarchy, for example through the formation of routines, may enhance the efficiency compared to the market, we can modify the previous model. The model developed according to a Knowledge-based view assumes that asset specificity reduces transaction costs inside the firm and increases transaction costs on the market. In the conclusion of the theoretical part is discussed the reply on first formulate hypothesis if the TCT is still compatible with a newer Capability and Knowledge based view. In my opinion based on the presented arguments and views, both theories are compatible, they can answer more questions and explain more issues. The last step links the aforementioned theories into one Theory of firm boundaries. In the practical part of the thesis, I bring basic arguments about the institutional framework quality in the Czech Republic. These arguments rely on the latest studies of the international institutions such The Transparency International, The Heritage Foundation, The Kurtzman Group and mainly The World Bank. Studies reveal certain weak arrangements concerning for example the number of procedures when starting a business, complicated construction permits, rigidity of working hours, time-consuming and administrative demanding tax system, duration of judicial process which results in ineffective contract enforcement and mainly poor protection of property rights. Taking these disclosures into account we have to say that emergent transaction costs are enormous. These transaction costs influence negatively the competitiveness of the firms and the whole Czech economy. Therefore a negative response to the second hypothesis relating to the quality of the institutional framework in the Czech Republic.
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Social capital and development assistance
Štourač, František ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
Objective of the first part is to find suitable definition of capital. For this reason is here made a brief summary of the history of economic thoughts about capital. Then is selected the proper definition according to previously defined requirements and criteria. Second part is based on the formerly founded definition of capital, which then helps to clarify the social capital definition. Moreover are in this following part analyzed main contributions to this topic. The final part focuses on the role of social capital in the development assistance. Here are described not only the results of the Official development assistance, but also some alternative approaches. At the end are proved by measuring and comparison the previously obtained theoretical outcomes. These are made on the case of sub-Saharan Africa countries.
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Transaction cost theory
Braunová, Jitka ; Sirůček, Pavel (advisor) ; Džbánková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the transaction costs theory as it was found by the economist Ronald H. Coase and his follower Oliver E. Williamson. The Coase Theorem is theoretically analyzed with help of key cases when transaction cost come to existence. Furthermore; cases from practical experience are described in order to help us understand this theory from the customer point of view and how these knowledge can be useful for them and also for managers while creating prices and defining the marketing strategy.
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The Acquisition of Property Ownership by Foreigners
Adensamová, Fay ; Spirit, Michal (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
The conditions of acquisition of domestic (Czech) property ownership by foreigners (both non- and residents) have been changing a lot in the last few years. The biggest changes have been with regards to non-residents and happening in connection with the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union. The aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview of the development of legislation between 1989 and 2011 which constituted some restrictions to non-residents with regards to acquisition of domestic real estate. The emphasis is put on the changes in 2004 and 2009. An important part of the thesis is to show and draw attention to a more and more frequently occuring fact to which a great part of the final section of the thesis is devoted as the final section deals with a particular case of ownership acquisition.
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The real estate cadastre in the legal regulations of the Czech Republic
EGNER, Jakub
The purpose of this bachelor study was to summarize the evolution of possession and at the same time then inform about ownership relations and other real rights. The bachelor study is particularly focused on the structure and activities of public bodies, under the authority of which these legal relations arise. It is significant in the bachelor study that it mentions changes that will soon affect this area. They are in essence an outcome of long-continuing work aiming to solve problems with changes in the given area, and also amendments to those provisions, the legal forces of which have been surpassed by other legal regulations, or which do not correspond with such regulations. In the bachelor study, I describe data that are registered and processed in the real estate cadastre. I compare and describe real estate record and registration by the state notary's office. Also, I tried to describe ownership and other rights to real estate records performed by the real estate cadastre, in an intelligible and clear way. I mention also transfers of flats and housing units. I mention examples of records and frequently made mistakes in these acts. In the end of the bachelor study I propose some changes.
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Pollution of the earth's orbit in the context of the theory of property rights
Burda, Martin ; Ryvolová, Ivana (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
Earth's orbit as a space for placement of telecommunication satellites and other objects is growing in importance for the economic development of mankind. Serious problem, however, is the so-called space debris pollution from human activities. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive view of the Earth's orbit contamination in relation to the institution of property rights. First, the discussion focuses on current international legal arrangements in this area, its development and implications. This is followed by an economic analysis of a space pollution, the argument is considered that pollution of the orbit is a logical consequence of incompletely specified property rights. The thesis also deals with the establishment of property rights with respect to whether the institute is viable and economically efficient. The conclusion of the work presents a discussion of alternatives in solving the problem of manmade space pollution.
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Effect of Institutions on Economic Growth in SE Asia
Jonáš, Josef ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on institutional quality and impact of institutional quality on economic growth and quality of life. The thesis describes the influence of institutions on economics, problems with measuring the quality of institutions and building high-quality institutional environment. It is also engaged in effect of democracy and state planning on economic growth. Subsequently, the work describes the political and economic situation of three countries from the region of Southeast Asia (Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia). Finally, institutional quality in these countries, their GDP growth rates from 1960 to the present and quality of life of their inhabitants are compared in the thesis.
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Development and quality of institutions in North and South Korea
Drobík, Michal ; Mládek, Josef (advisor) ; Chalupníček, Pavel (referee)
The first, theoretical part of this bachelor thesis, focuses on theory of institutions and in this sence it offers different institutional approaches and sums up main contributions of economists and schools of economic thought in the sphere of institutions. Second, analytical part, describes development of institutions in North and South Korea in order to demonstrate a connection between the quality of institutions and economic performance. It analyses institutional development in Korea before Japanese occupation, during this occupation and consequently development in Republic of Korea and in Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Finally, this bachelor thesis describes current character of institutions in these two states.
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