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Geographical aspects of electoral support for the populist radical right in Czechia
Cihlář, Pavel ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Suchánek, Jonáš (referee)
The populist radical right parties, along with their political successes in the 21st century, have also gained considerable academic interest. Given the significant geographic variation in support of these parties, the attention is also turning to the geographical aspects of this phenomenon. These aspects are the focus of this thesis. It aims to map the intensity and shape of the clustering of electoral support for the Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) movement in the 2017 and 2021 parliamentary elections and to further examine geographical differences in the explanatory factors of this electoral support. The thesis uses the method of spatial autocorrelation and multiscale geographically weighted regression to achieve these objectives. The statistical units are the municipalities of the Czech Republic, and the explanatory variables are socio-demographic indicators, conceptualized according to three categories of explanatory support for the populist radical right: economic grievances, cultural grievances, and anomie. Particular attention is paid to the theory of anomie, based on theories of mass society and social capital. Earlier analyses of this theory have led to ambivalent results and this thesis tests a potential explanation for this in terms of the geographical non-stationarity of the...
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The populist radical right and its influence on the US presidential elections in 2012, 2016, and 2020
Šusta, Filip ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Solik, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines voting behaviour in the United States presidential election between 2012 and 2020, focusing mainly on how the populist radical right influenced the results. It therefore compares the results of the 2012 election, when Mitt Romney, who is considered a traditional Republican, ran for president, with those of the 2016 and 2020 elections, when Donald Trump, a representative of the populist radical right, applied for office. The thesis draws on the concepts of national nostalgia, cleavage theory and describes the characteristics of American nativism. Through a two-level binary logistic regression, influence variables are assessed at the individual and contextual levels, which are taken to be the US states. The results reveal a very important influence of the attitudes to unauthorized migration on support for Donald Trump in particular. It was also found that American society has become significantly radicalised during Trump's presidency. The demographic characteristics of the electorate were projected onto attitudinal questions about immigration, and these in turn conditioned their affection for Donald Trump. Through the models, it was also possible to confirm that his support corresponded to the general support of the populist radical right. Key words: cleavage theory; national...
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Extreme right aspects of Marine Le Pen's discourse during the presidential election in 2017
Waldová, Julie ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
In recent years, Marine Le Pen has been trying to steer away from the far-right past of the National Front (now the National Rally) to become a "party like any other" and thus become a part of the French political mainstream. Since Le Pen became its chairman in 2011, the party has undergone many changes through which the National Front has tried to normalize its rhetorics in order to regain its lost credibility in the eyes of the public. For this transformation, the term dédiabolisation is used, particularly in Francie. In 2017, Le Pen ran for the French president. Though Emmanuel Macron eventually succeeded in the second round of elections, 33.39% of the votes that the National Front candidate received may be perceived as a genuine return of the party to the struggle for political power. Thus, in the context of the growing electoral preferences of populist radical right-wing parties, this thesis addresses the "normalized" discourse of Marine Le Pen in the presidential election and identifies its far-right aspects. A detailed analysis both of her pre-election speeches and her political program then outlines the direction in which France could move towards under the potential rule of the National Front.
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Rhetorics and determinants of support for populist radical right parties in different socio-cultural environments: a comparison of the Czech Republic and Denmark
Koníček, Michal ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the suitability of generalization of the populist radical right parties (PRRP). In recent years, these parties have succeeded on the political scene of many European countries. Using the example of "new" Svoboda a přímá demokracie (SPD) political party and the established Danish People's Party (DF) it shows the differences in the party pre-election rhetoric and program, which are brought about by parties' age as well as by different historical developments in the respective countries. The historical context has affected contemporary political environment and, therefore, there are reasonable doubts about the generalization of the PRRPs. This is especially the case of post-communist countries, which, after years of oppression, had to go through a process of transformation that involved not only economic issues. This thesis is based on the Lipset's and Rokkan's cleavages theory, while it tries to confirm its existence in the given states, namely the economical, the religious, the center - periphery and the urban - rural cleavage. The inclusion of six tested factors in the analysis helps to do this. The multiple linear regression analysis tested which factors (the factors are socio-cultural, socio-economic, and demographic factors) have a statistically significant...
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Extreme right aspects of Marine Le Pen's discourse during the presidential election in 2017
Waldová, Julie ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
In recent years, Marine Le Pen has been trying to steer away from the far-right past of the National Front (now the National Rally) to become a "party like any other" and thus become a part of the French political mainstream. Since Le Pen became its chairman in 2011, the party has undergone many changes through which the National Front has tried to normalize its rhetorics in order to regain its lost credibility in the eyes of the public. For this transformation, the term dédiabolisation is used, particularly in Francie. In 2017, Le Pen ran for the French president. Though Emmanuel Macron eventually succeeded in the second round of elections, 33.39% of the votes that the National Front candidate received may be perceived as a genuine return of the party to the struggle for political power. Thus, in the context of the growing electoral preferences of populist radical right-wing parties, this thesis addresses the "normalized" discourse of Marine Le Pen in the presidential election and identifies its far-right aspects. A detailed analysis both of her pre-election speeches and her political program then outlines the direction in which France could move towards under the potential rule of the National Front.
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